Zinthu zam'madzi ndi zosefera mafuta. Ntchito ya fyuluta yamafuta isefa zizindikiro, mano ndi chinyezi mu mafuta, ndikupereka mafuta oyera ku gawo lililonse lopaka.
Kuti muchepetse kukana kwa chiwonetsero pakati pa zigawo zosunthika mu injini ndikuchepetsa kuvala ziwalozo, mafutawo amayendetsedwa mosalekeza kupita ku mikangano yonse yomwe imayenda kuti apange firiti yamafuta yopaka mafuta. Mafuta amagetsi ali ndi chingamu, zosayera, chinyezi komanso zowonjezera. Nthawi yomweyo, panthawi yogwira ntchito injini, kuyambitsa chitsulo, kuvala zinyalala mlengalenga, ndipo m'badwo wa mafuta olima umapangitsa kuti zisakhale zophuka pang'ono. Ngati mafuta amalowa mwachindunji ndi mafuta opangira mafuta osasefedwa, zizindikiriridwe zomwe zimakhala mu mikangano zidzabweretsedwa mu gulu losuntha, lomwe lidzathandizira kuvala kwapadera ndikuchepetsa moyo wa injini.
Chifukwa cha mawidwe owoneka bwino a mafutawo ndi zodetsa zodetsa mu mafuta, kuti zithetse bwino za kufinya, zosefera mafuta nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi milingo itatu, ndiye fyuluta yamafuta, mafuta a mafuta. Fyuluta imayikidwa mu poto wamafuta pamaso pa pampu yamafuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala mtundu wachitsulo. Zosefera mafuta thukuta zimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa pampu yamafuta ndipo kulumikizidwa pamindandanda ndi gawo lamafuta. Pali mitundu yachitsulo yachitsulo, mtundu wa sataratus mtundu ndi micropeomem pepala. Tsopano mtundu wa mapepala wam'madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Zosefera bwino mafuta zimayikidwa mofanana ndi gawo lalikulu lamafuta pambuyo pa pampu yamafuta. Pali mitundu iwiri ya microperose pepala ndi mtundu wa rotor. Zosefera mafuta ovota
Udindo wa zosefera
Pali mitundu ina yamitundu inayi ya zosefera zamagulu a diilsel: Spese Fyuluta, squesel syuluele, fyuluta yamafuta, fyuluta yamadzi, zotsatirazi zimayambitsa spefal
Fyuluta: Fyuluta ya genesel yopanga ndi zida zapadera zosefa zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati. Itha kulumbira kwambiri 90% ya zosanja za magetsi, Colloids, asphaltranes, etc. Sinthani moyo wa injini. Dizilo wodetsedwa udzapangitsa kuti utongi ukhale wosawoneka bwino ndipo masilinda amagetsi, amachepetsa mphamvu ya injini, onjezerani mafuta owonjezera, ndipo amachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa jenereta. Kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera 13 kumatha kusintha kulondola kwa kusokonekera kwa kusokonekera pogwiritsa ntchito mafayilo ogwiritsira ntchito matenda osokoneza bongo. Momwe mungakhazikitsire zosefera Dinisel: Zosefera Diesel ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa, ingolumikizani ndi mzere wamafuta mu mndandanda molingana ndi malo osungira mafuta ndi madoko otuluka. Samalani kulumikizidwa komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi muvi, ndipo njira yolowera mafuta ndi malo sangathe kusinthidwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndikusinthanitsa ndi gawo koyamba, zosefera za diidilo ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi mafuta dizilo, ndipo ayenera kulipidwa. Valavu yotulutsa ili kumapeto kwa mbiya.
Fyuluta yamafuta
Momwe mungasinthire gawo la Fyuluta: Pansi pa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, ngati njira yosinthira ma alarm kapena nthawi yochulukirapo yoposa maola 300, zosefera ziyenera kusinthidwa.
Njira yosinthira gawo la fyuluta: 1. Kulowetsa gawo la zosefera za chipangizo chofananira chimodzi: a. Tsekani valavu ya mpira wolowera mafuta ndikutsegula chivundikiro chapamwamba. . b. Osalowetsa waya wa plug ya malo okwerera zimbudzi kuti akwere mafuta; c. Mumasule mafuta omaliza kumapeto kwa chinthu chapamwamba cha chinthucho, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amavala chitsimikizo cha mafuta ovala bwino ndi magolovesi, ndikuchotsa zosefera zakale kumtunda; d. Sinthani equesellery yatsopano, pangani mphete yapamwamba kwambiri (yokhala ndi gasket yake yokhayo mpaka kumapeto), ndikulimbitsa nati; f. Mangitsani waya wolumikizira wokwera zimbudzi ndikuphimba chivundikiro chapamwamba (samalani ndi mphete yakusindikiza), ndikumangirira ma balts. 2. Kulowetsa gawo la zosefera pa chipangizo chofananira pawiri: a. Choyamba tsegulani valavu yamafuta mbali imodzi yazosefera zomwe zikuyenera kusinthidwa, kutseka valavu yamafuta pakatha mphindi zochepa ndikutsegula chivundikiro chakumapeto; b. Tsegulani valavu ya chimbudzi kuti mukweretse mafuta akuda ndikuletsa mafuta akuda kuti asalowe mchipinda choyera cha mafuta pomwe zosefera zimasinthidwa; c. Mumasule nati yolumikizira kwa chinthu chapamwamba cha extment yazomwe zafamani, wogwiritsa ntchito amavala magolovesi otsimikizira mafuta kuti agwirizire mwamphamvu, ndikuchotsa zosefera zakale kumtunda; c. Sinthani equesellery yatsopano, pangani mphete yapamwamba kwambiri (kumapeto kwake kuli ali ndi Ngwiti yake yosindikiza), ndikupirira mtedza; d. Tsekani valavu yokhetsa, kuphimba chivundikiro chapamwamba (tcherani khutu kuti mukwaniritse mphete yosindikiza), ndikumangirira ma balts. E. Tsegulani valavu yamafuta Choyamba, kenako tsegulani valavu yotulutsa, tsekani valavu yotopetsa pomwe mafuta atuluka mu valavu yotulutsa, kenako tsegulani valavu yamafuta; Ndiye gwiranani ndi fyuluta mbali inayo chimodzimodzi.
Kuperewera kwa genera
Jenereta amayika zosefera mpweya: ndi makamaka chipangizo cha mpweya chomwe chimasefukira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi chodetsa mlengalenga chikafika pomwe jegetar jestreta yokhazikika ikugwira ntchito. Ili ndi chinthu cholufera komanso chipolopolo. Zofunikira zazikulu za fyuluta ya mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana pang'ono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali popanda kukonza. Pamene jenereta yaikidwa ikugwira ntchito, ngati mpweya wophatikizika umakhala ndi fumbi ndi zodetsa zina, zimakulitsa kuvala kwa ziwalozo, kotero mpweya wa mpweya uyenera kuyikika.
Pali njira zitatu za kusefera kwa mpweya: mtundu wamtundu wa Intertia, mtundu wosanjikiza ndi mafuta osamba:
Chopanda pake: Popeza kuchuluka kwa tinthu ndi zodetsa ndizokwezeka kuposa mpweya, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasinthiratu, mphamvu yakuthupi imatha kusiyanitsa zodetsa.
Mtundu wosefera: Kuwongolera mpweya kuti udutse chophimba chachitsulo kapena zosefera, etc., kutchinjiriza tinthu tosiyanasiyana ndikutsatira gawo la zosefera.
Mtundu wosanjikiza wa mafuta: Pali poto wamafuta pansi pa fayilo ya mpweya, imasungunula tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo zimathira mafuta ndi zonyansa ndikuyenda ndi mafuta. pa emality. Mphepo ikamadutsa mu chinthu chofalilira, imathanso kutenga zosayera, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chosefedwa.
Kuzungulira kwa mpweya wa mpweya wa jenereta: jenereta wamba kumasinthidwa kamodzi maola 500 aliwonse ogwira ntchito; Kupanga kwa genebleble komwe kumasinthidwa kamodzi maola 300 kapena miyezi 6. Pamene jenereta yakhazikitsidwa nthawi zambiri ikasungidwa, imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuwombedwa ndi mfuti ya mpweya, kapena kuzungulira kwa mpweya kumatha kupititsidwa ndi maola 200 kapena miyezi itatu.
Zofunikira za kusefera kwa zosefera: Zosefera zopangidwa ndi mafakitale enieni amafunikira, koma mwina sizingakhale zabwino, koma zabodza komanso zoponya siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
