Chosefera chamafuta ndichosefa chamafuta.Ntchito ya fyuluta yamafuta ndikusefa ma sundries, chingamu ndi chinyezi mu mafuta, ndikupereka mafuta oyera ku gawo lililonse lopaka mafuta.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa zigawo zomwe zikuyenda mu injini ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa ziwalozo, mafuta amasamutsidwa mosalekeza kupita kumtunda wamtundu uliwonse wosuntha kuti apange filimu yamafuta opaka mafuta.Mafuta a injini ali ndi chingamu, zonyansa, chinyezi ndi zowonjezera.Pa nthawi yomweyi, panthawi yogwira ntchito ya injini, kuyambitsidwa kwa zinyalala zovala zitsulo, kulowa kwa zinyalala mumlengalenga, ndi kutuluka kwa mafuta osakaniza kumapangitsa kuti zinyalala za mafuta ziwonjezeke pang'onopang'ono.Ngati mafutawo alowa mwachindunji mumayendedwe opaka mafuta osasefedwa, ma sundries omwe ali mumafutawo amabweretsedwa pamikangano yamagulu osuntha, omwe amafulumizitsa kuvala kwa magawo ndikuchepetsa moyo wautumiki wa injini.
Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwamafuta omwewo komanso kuchuluka kwa zonyansa mumafuta, kuti azitha kusefera bwino, fyuluta yamafuta nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo atatu, omwe ndi sefa yosonkhanitsa mafuta, fyuluta yamafuta amafuta ndi fyuluta yabwino yamafuta. .Sefayi imayikidwa mu poto yamafuta kutsogolo kwa mpope wamafuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala mtundu wazitsulo.Fyuluta yamafuta osakhwima imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa pampu yamafuta ndipo imalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi njira yayikulu yamafuta.Pali makamaka zitsulo scraper mtundu, utuchi fyuluta mtundu ndi microporous fyuluta pepala mtundu.Tsopano mtundu wa pepala la microporous fyuluta umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Sefa yabwino yamafuta imayikidwa limodzi ndi njira yayikulu yamafuta pambuyo pa mpope wamafuta.Pali makamaka mitundu iwiri ya microporous fyuluta pepala mtundu ndi rotor mtundu.Fyuluta yamafuta amtundu wa rotor imatenga kusefa kwa centrifugal popanda zosefera, zomwe zimathetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa kupitilira kwamafuta ndi kusefa bwino.
Udindo wa fyuluta
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu inayi ya zosefera zamagulu a injini ya dizilo: fyuluta ya mpweya, fyuluta ya dizilo, fyuluta yamafuta, fyuluta yamadzi, izi zimabweretsa fyuluta ya dizilo.
Zosefera: Zosefera za seti ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi zida zapadera zosefera mafuta a dizilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyatsira mkati.Ikhoza kusefa kuposa 90% ya zonyansa zamakina, ma colloids, asphaltenes, ndi zina. Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa injini.Dizilo wodetsedwa umayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa injini ndi masilindala a jakisoni wamafuta, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya injini, kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mwachangu, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wantchito wa jenereta.Kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera za dizilo kumatha kuwongolera bwino kusefera kwa injini pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera zamtundu wa dizilo, kutalikitsa moyo wa zosefera zapamwamba za dizilo zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kangapo, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zodziwikiratu zopulumutsa mafuta.Momwe mungayikitsire fyuluta ya dizilo: Fyuluta ya dizilo ndiyosavuta kuyiyika, ingolumikizani pamzere woperekera mafuta motsatizana ndi malo olowera mafuta osungidwa ndi madoko.Samalani kulumikiza komwe kukuwonetsedwa ndi muvi, ndipo kalozera wa mafuta olowera ndi kutulutsa sikungasinthidwe.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndikusinthira chinthu chosefera kwa nthawi yoyamba, fyuluta ya dizilo iyenera kudzazidwa ndi mafuta a dizilo, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakutha.Valavu yotulutsa mpweya ili kumapeto kwa chivundikiro cha mbiya.
Mafuta fyuluta
Momwe mungasinthire chinthu chosefera: Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi, ngati alamu yosiyana ya ma alarm a chipangizo chosefera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kowonjezera kupitilira maola 300, chosefera chiyenera kusinthidwa.
Njira yosinthira chinthu chosefera: 1. Kusintha kwa gawo la fyuluta ya chipangizo chosefera chibadwidwe cha mbiya imodzi: a.Tsekani valavu ya mpira wolowera mafuta ndikutsegula chivundikiro chapamwamba.(Chivundikiro chapamwamba chamtundu wa aluminiyamu aloyi chimayenera kufufuzidwa mofatsa kuchokera kumbali yakumbali ndi screwdriver yathyathyathya);b.Chotsani waya wa pulagi wa m'chimbudzi kuti mukhetse mafuta otayira;c.Masulani mtedza womangirira pamwamba pa chosefera, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amavala chotchinga mafuta Gwirani mwamphamvu chinthu chosefera ndi magolovesi, ndikuchotsa chosefera chakale chokwera pamwamba;d.Bwezerani chinthu chatsopano cha fyuluta, sungani mphete yosindikizira yapamwamba (yokhala ndi gasket yake yosindikizira kumapeto), ndikumangitsa mtedza;f.Mangitsani mawaya omangirapo zimbudzi ndikuphimba chivundikiro chakumtunda (Samalirani kuyika mphete yosindikizira), ndikumanga mabawuti.2. Kusintha kachipangizo kosefera kachipangizo kaŵirikaŵiri kofanana ndi kusefa: a.Choyamba kutseka valavu yolowetsa mafuta ya fyuluta kumbali imodzi ya fyuluta yomwe imayenera kusinthidwa, kutseka valavu yotulutsira mafuta pambuyo pa mphindi zingapo, kenaka masulani ma bolts omaliza ndikutsegula chivundikiro chomaliza;b.Tsegulani valavu yachimbudzi kuti muwononge mafuta onyansa ndikuletsa mafuta onyansa kuti asalowe m'chipinda choyera cha mafuta pamene chinthu cha fyuluta chasinthidwa;c.Masulani mtedza womangira pamwamba pa chosefera, wogwiritsa ntchito amavala magolovesi otsimikizira mafuta kuti agwire mwamphamvu chinthu chosefera, ndikuchotsa chosefera chakale chokwera pamwamba;c.Bwezerani chinthu chatsopano cha fyuluta, sungani mphete yosindikizira yapamwamba (kumapeto kwapansi kumakhala ndi gasket yake yosindikizira), ndipo limbitsani mtedza;d.Tsekani valavu yokhetsa, kuphimba chivundikiro chakumtunda (tcherani khutu ku mphete yosindikizira), ndikumanga mabawuti.E. Tsegulani valavu yolowera mafuta poyamba, kenaka mutsegule valavu yotulutsa mpweya, mutseke valavu yotulutsa mpweya mwamsanga pamene mafuta akutuluka mu valve yotulutsa mpweya, ndiyeno mutsegule valve yotulutsa mafuta;ndiye gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta kumbali inayo mofanana.
Zosefera za jenereta
Sefa ya mpweya ya jenereta: Ndi chipangizo chotengera mpweya chomwe chimasefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa mumlengalenga zomwe zimakokedwa pomwe jenereta ya pisitoni ikugwira ntchito.Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosefera ndi chipolopolo.Zofunikira zazikulu za fyuluta ya mpweya ndizochita bwino kwambiri zosefera, kukana kutsika kochepa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kukonza.Pamene jenereta ikugwira ntchito, ngati mpweya wotsekemera uli ndi fumbi ndi zonyansa zina, zidzakulitsa kuvala kwa ziwalozo, kotero kuti fyuluta ya mpweya iyenera kuikidwa.
Pali njira zitatu zosefera mpweya: mtundu wa inertia, mtundu wa fyuluta ndi mtundu wamafuta osamba:
Mtundu wa inertial: Popeza kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa mpweya, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa zikamazungulira ndi mpweya kapena kutembenuka mwamphamvu, mphamvu yapakati pa inertial mphamvu imatha kulekanitsa zonyansa kuchokera kumayendedwe a mpweya.
Mtundu wa zosefera: wongolera mpweya kuti udutse pa zenera lachitsulo kapena pepala losefera, ndi zina, kutsekereza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa ndikumamatira kuzinthu zosefera.
Mtundu wosambira wamafuta: Pali poto yamafuta pansi pa fyuluta ya mpweya, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya kuti ikhudze mafuta mwachangu, imalekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa ndi timitengo mumafuta, ndipo madontho amafuta osokonezeka amayenda kudzera muzosefera ndi mpweya. ndi kumamatira ku mafuta.pa chinthu chosefera.Mpweya ukadutsa muzosefera, umatha kuyamwa zonyansa, kuti ukwaniritse cholinga chosefera.
Kuzungulira kosinthira kwa fyuluta ya mpweya wa seti ya jenereta: seti ya jenereta wamba imasinthidwa kamodzi pa maola 500 akugwira ntchito;jenereta yoyimilira imasinthidwa kamodzi maola 300 kapena miyezi 6.Pamene jenereta imasungidwa nthawi zambiri, imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuwomberedwa ndi mfuti yamlengalenga, kapena kuzungulira kwa m'malo kumatha kukulitsidwa ndi maola 200 kapena miyezi itatu.
Zosefera zosefera: Zosefera zopangidwa ndi mafakitale enieni ndizofunikira, koma sizingakhale zazikulu, koma zabodza komanso zopanda pake siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
