Kugulitsa mwachindunji SAIC MAXUS V80 C00014713 Piston mphete-92MM

Zamgulu chidziwitso

Mphete ya pisitoni ndi mphete yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika poyambira pisitoni.Pali mitundu iwiri ya mphete za pistoni: mphete yoponderezedwa ndi mphete yamafuta.Mphete yopondereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza chisakanizo choyaka moto muchipinda choyaka;mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ochulukirapo mu silinda.

Mphete ya pisitoni ndi mphete yachitsulo yotanuka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu okulirapo akunja, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa munjira ya annular yogwirizana ndi gawo la mtanda.Mphete za pistoni zobwerezabwereza komanso zozungulira zimadalira kusiyana kwa mpweya kapena madzi kuti apange chisindikizo pakati pa kunja kozungulira pamwamba pa mphete ndi silinda ndi mbali imodzi ya mphete ndi poyambira mphete.

Mphete za pistoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana amagetsi, monga injini za nthunzi, injini za dizilo, injini zamafuta, kompresa, makina opangira ma hydraulic, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, masitima apamtunda, zombo, ma yacht, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mphete ya pistoni ndi imayikidwa mu mphete ya pisitoni, ndipo imapanga chipinda chokhala ndi pisitoni, silinda, mutu wa silinda ndi zigawo zina zogwirira ntchito.

tanthauzo

Mphete ya pisitoni ndi gawo lalikulu mkati mwa injini yamafuta, yomwe imamaliza kusindikiza gasi wamafuta pamodzi ndi silinda, pisitoni, khoma la silinda, ndi zina zotere. Makina amagalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi injini za dizilo ndi mafuta.Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana amafuta, mphete za pistoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana.Mphete zoyambilira za pisitoni zidapangidwa ndikuponyedwa, koma ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, mphete zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zidabadwa., komanso ndikusintha kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi zofunikira zachilengedwe, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotsogola zapamwamba, monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, electroplating, chrome plating, nitriding ya gasi, kuyika thupi, zokutira pamwamba, zinc-manganese phosphating, etc., Ntchito ya mphete ya piston imapangidwa bwino kwambiri.

Ntchito

Ntchito za mphete ya pisitoni zimaphatikizapo ntchito zinayi: kusindikiza, kuyang'anira mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta), kuyendetsa kutentha (kutengera kutentha), ndi kutsogolera (thandizo).Kusindikiza: Kumatanthawuza kusindikiza gasi, kuteteza mpweya womwe uli m'chipinda choyaka moto kuti usalowe mu crankcase, kuwongolera kutuluka kwa gasi pang'ono, ndikuwongolera kutentha kwabwino.Kutuluka kwa mpweya sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya injini, komanso kuwononga mafuta, yomwe ndi ntchito yaikulu ya mphete ya mpweya;Sinthani mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta): chotsani mafuta owonjezera opaka pakhoma la silinda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pangani khoma la silinda lopyapyala. wa mphete ya mafuta.M'makina amakono othamanga kwambiri, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa ku ntchito ya mphete ya pistoni kuti iwononge filimu yamafuta;kutentha kwa pisitoni: kutentha kwa pisitoni kumayendetsedwa ku liner ya silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni, ndiko kuti, kuziziritsa.Malinga ndi deta yodalirika, 70-80% ya kutentha komwe kumalandiridwa ndi pisitoni pamwamba pa pisitoni yopanda utakhazikika kumatayidwa kudzera mu mphete ya pisitoni kupita ku khoma la silinda, ndipo 30-40% ya pisitoni yoziziritsidwa imatumizidwa ku silinda kudzera Thandizo la mphete ya pistoni: Mphete ya pisitoni imasunga pisitoni mu silinda, imalepheretsa pisitoni kuti isagwirizane ndi khoma la silinda, imatsimikizira kuyenda bwino kwa pisitoni, imachepetsa kukana, komanso imalepheretsa pisitoni kugunda silinda.Nthawi zambiri, pisitoni ya injini yamafuta imagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zamafuta ndi mphete imodzi yamafuta, pomwe injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zamafuta ndi mphete imodzi ya mpweya.[2]

khalidwe

mphamvu

Mphamvu zomwe zimagwira pa mphete ya pisitoni zikuphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa mpweya, mphamvu yothamanga ya mphete yokha, mphamvu yopanda mphamvu ya kubwereza kwa mphete, kukangana pakati pa mphete ndi silinda ndi ring groove, ndi zina zotero. mphamvu, mpheteyo idzatulutsa mayendedwe ofunikira monga kayendedwe ka axial, kayendedwe ka radial, ndi kayendedwe ka rotational.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyenda, komanso kusayenda kosasinthasintha, mphete ya pisitoni mosalephera imawoneka kuyimitsidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa axial, kusuntha kosakhazikika kwa radial ndi kugwedezeka, kupotoza kusuntha, etc. chifukwa cha kuyenda kosakhazikika kwa axial.Kusuntha kosakhazikika kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumalepheretsa mphete za pistoni kugwira ntchito.Popanga mphete ya pistoni, ndikofunikira kupereka kusewera kwathunthu ndikuwongolera mbali yoyipa.

matenthedwe madutsidwe

Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuyaka kumatumizidwa ku khoma la silinda kudzera pa mphete ya pistoni, kotero imatha kuziziritsa pisitoni.Kutentha komwe kumachokera pakhoma la silinda kudzera pa mphete ya pistoni kumatha kufika 30 mpaka 40% ya kutentha komwe kumatengedwa pamwamba pa pisitoni.

kukanika kwa mpweya

Ntchito yoyamba ya mphete ya pistoni ndikusunga chisindikizo pakati pa pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda ndikuwongolera kutulutsa mpweya pang'ono.Udindowu umapangidwa makamaka ndi mphete ya gasi, ndiye kuti, pansi pazigawo zilizonse za injini, kutayikira kwa mpweya woponderezedwa ndi gasi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa pang'ono kuti kuwongolera kutentha kwamafuta;kuteteza kutayikira pakati pa silinda ndi pisitoni kapena pakati pa silinda ndi mphete.Gwira;kupewa kulephera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mafuta opaka mafuta, etc.

Kuwongolera mafuta

Ntchito yachiwiri ya mphete ya pisitoni ndikuchotsa bwino mafuta opaka omwe amamangiriridwa pakhoma la silinda ndikusunga mafuta abwinobwino.Mafuta opaka mafuta operekedwa akachuluka, amalowetsedwa m'chipinda choyaka moto, chomwe chidzawonjezera mafuta, ndipo chidzasokoneza ntchito ya injini chifukwa cha carbon deposits yopangidwa ndi kuyaka.

Wothandizira

Chifukwa pisitoniyo ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa mkati mwa silinda, ngati palibe mphete ya pistoni, pisitoniyo imakhala yosakhazikika mu silinda ndipo simatha kuyenda momasuka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpheteyo imalepheretsanso pisitoni kuti isagwirizane ndi silinda ndipo imagwira ntchito yothandizira.Choncho, mphete ya pisitoni imayenda mmwamba ndi pansi mu silinda, ndipo pamwamba pake yotsetsereka imatengedwa ndi mpheteyo.

Gulu

Mwa dongosolo

A. Kapangidwe ka Monolithic: kudzera munjira yopangira kapena kuumba kofunikira.

b.Mphete yophatikizika: Mphete ya pisitoni yopangidwa ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo olumikizidwa mumzere wa mphete.

c.Mphete yamafuta otsekemera: mphete yamafuta yokhala ndi mbali zofananira, malo awiri olumikizana ndi mabowo obwerera mafuta.

D. Mphete yamafuta ya koyilo yotsekera: onjezerani mphete yamafuta ya koyilo yothandizira masika mu mphete yamafuta.Kasupe wothandizira amatha kuonjezera kuthamanga kwapadera kwa radial, ndipo mphamvu yake pamtunda wamkati wa mpheteyo ndi yofanana.Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphete za injini ya dizilo.

E. Lamba wachitsulo wophatikizira mphete yamafuta: mphete yamafuta yopangidwa ndi mphete yachitsulo ndi mphete ziwiri zopukutira.Mapangidwe a mphete yochirikiza amasiyana ndi wopanga ndipo amapezeka m'mphete za injini zamafuta.

Gawo mawonekedwe

Chidebe, mphete ya cone, mphete yopindika yamkati, mphete yopindika, mphete ya trapezoid, mphete yapamphuno, mphete yopindika yakunja, mphete yopindika yamkati, mphete yachitsulo yamafuta, mphete yamafuta osiyanasiyana, mphete yamafuta a chamfer, koyilo yachitsulo mphete yamafuta a masika, mphete yamafuta achitsulo, etc.

Mwa zinthu

Chitsulo, chitsulo.

mankhwala pamwamba

Mphete ya Nitride: Kulimba kwa nitride wosanjikiza ndi pamwamba pa 950HV, brittleness ndi giredi 1, ndipo ili ndi kukana kwabwino kovala komanso kukana dzimbiri.Mphete yokhala ndi chrome: Chosanjikiza cha chrome ndi chabwino, chophatikizika komanso chosalala, cholimba chopitilira 850HV, kukana kwabwino kwambiri, komanso netiweki ya ming'alu yaing'ono, yomwe imathandizira kusungidwa kwamafuta opaka mafuta. .Phosphating mphete: Kupyolera mu mankhwala a mankhwala, filimu ya phosphating imapangidwa pamwamba pa mphete ya pistoni, yomwe imagwira ntchito yotsutsa dzimbiri pa mankhwala komanso imapangitsa kuti mpheteyo iyambe kugwira ntchito.Mphete ya okosijeni: Pamalo a kutentha kwambiri komanso okosijeni wamphamvu, filimu ya oxide imapangidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo, chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, mafuta oletsa kugundana komanso mawonekedwe abwino.Pali PVD ndi zina zotero.

malinga ndi ntchito

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mphete za pistoni: mphete yamafuta ndi mphete yamafuta.Ntchito ya mphete ya gasi ndikuwonetsetsa chisindikizo pakati pa pisitoni ndi silinda.Zimalepheretsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wothamanga kwambiri mu silinda kuti usalowe mu crankcase mochulukira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapangitsa kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera pamwamba pa pisitoni kupita ku khoma la silinda, lomwe kenako limachotsedwa ndi madzi ozizira kapena mpweya.

Mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwapula mafuta ochulukirapo pakhoma la silinda, ndikuyika filimu yofananira yamafuta pakhoma la silinda, zomwe sizingalepheretse mafuta kulowa mu silinda ndikuwotcha, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa pistoni. , mphete ya pistoni ndi silinda.kukaniza kukangana.[1]

kugwiritsa ntchito

Chizindikiritso chabwino kapena cholakwika

Kugwira ntchito kwa mphete ya pisitoni sikukhala ndi ma nick, zokopa ndi ma peel, mawonekedwe akunja a cylindrical ndi malo apamwamba ndi otsika amakhala ndi kusalala kwina, kupatuka kwa kupindika sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.02-0.04 mm, ndi kumira kwanthawi zonse. kuchuluka kwa mphete mu poyambira sayenera upambana 0.15-0.25 mm, elasticity ndi chilolezo cha mphete pisitoni kukwaniritsa malamulo.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa mphete ya pistoni kuyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa, ndiko kuti, mphete ya pistoni iyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa silinda, kanoni kakang'ono kakang'ono kamayenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mphete ya pistoni, ndikuyika mbale ya shading. izo, ndiyeno kusiyana kwa kutuluka kwa kuwala pakati pa mphete ya pistoni ndi khoma la silinda kuyenera kuwonedwa.Izi zikuwonetsa ngati kulumikizana pakati pa mphete ya pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda ndikwabwino.Nthawi zambiri, kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mphete ya pistoni sikuyenera kupitirira 0.03 mm poyezedwa ndi makulidwe ake.Kutalika kwa kutulutsa kwapang'onopang'ono kopitilira muyeso sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira 1/3 ya silinda m'mimba mwake, kutalika kwa mikwingwirima yambiri yotayikira sikuyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 1/3 ya silinda m'mimba mwake, ndipo kutalika konse kwa kutayikira kowala kangapo kuyenera. osapitirira 1/2 ya silinda awiri, apo ayi, iyenera kusinthidwa.

zolembera zolembera

Pistoni mphete ya GB/T 1149.1-94 imanena kuti mphete zonse za pistoni zomwe zimafuna kuyika njira ziyenera kulembedwa kumtunda, ndiko kuti, mbali yomwe ili pafupi ndi chipinda choyaka moto.Mphete zomwe zalembedwa kumtunda zikuphatikizapo: mphete ya conical, chamfer yamkati, mphete yakunja ya tebulo, mphete ya mphuno, mphete ya mphero ndi mphete ya mafuta yomwe imafuna njira yoyikapo, ndipo mbali ya kumtunda kwa mpheteyo imalembedwa.

Kusamalitsa

Samalani mukayika mphete za pistoni

1) Mphete ya pisitoni imayikidwa mosabisa muzitsulo za silinda, ndipo payenera kukhala kusiyana kwina kotsegula pa mawonekedwe.

2) Mphete ya pisitoni iyenera kuyikidwa pa pisitoni, ndipo mumphepo ya mphete, payenera kukhala mbali ina yolowera mbali ya kutalika kwake.

3) Mphete ya chrome-yokutidwa iyenera kuyikidwa munjira yoyamba, ndipo kutsegulira sikuyenera kuyang'anizana ndi dzenje la eddy lomwe lili pamwamba pa pisitoni.

4) Kutsegula kwa mphete iliyonse ya pistoni kumagwedezeka ndi 120 ° C, ndipo saloledwa kuyang'anizana ndi dzenje la piston.

5) Kwa mphete za pisitoni zokhala ndi gawo lopindika, malo opindika ayenera kukhala okwera pakuyika.

6) Nthawi zambiri, mphete ya torsion ikayikidwa, chamfer kapena poyambira ayenera kukhala mmwamba;pamene tapered anti-torsion mphete yaikidwa, sungani chulucho kuyang'ana mmwamba.

7) Poika mphete yophatikizika, mphete ya axial iyenera kukhazikitsidwa poyamba, ndiyeno mphete yosalala ndi mphete yoweyula iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.Mphete yosalala imayikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa mphete yoweyula, ndipo zotsegula za mphete iliyonse ziyenera kugwedezeka kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.

Ntchito zakuthupi

1. Valani kukana

2. Kusungirako mafuta

3. Kuuma

4. Kukana dzimbiri

5. Mphamvu

6. Kukana kutentha

7. Kusangalala

8. Kudula ntchito

Pakati pawo, kuvala kukana ndi elasticity ndizofunikira kwambiri.Zida zamphete za injini ya dizilo zamphamvu kwambiri zimaphatikizapo chitsulo chotuwira, chitsulo cha ductile, chitsulo cha alloy cast, ndi chitsulo cha vermicular graphite cast.

Piston cholumikizira ndodo msonkhano

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za gulu la gulu la ndodo ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi izi:

1. Manja a mkuwa olumikizira ndodo yolumikizira.Mukayika mkuwa wamkuwa wa ndodo yolumikizira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira kapena vise, ndipo musawamenye ndi nyundo;bowo lamafuta kapena poyambira mafuta pazanja lamkuwa liyenera kulumikizidwa ndi bowo lamafuta pa ndodo yolumikizira kuti zitsimikizire kudzoza kwake.

2. Sonkhanitsani pisitoni ndi ndodo yolumikizira.Mukasonkhanitsa pisitoni ndi ndodo yolumikizira, tcherani khutu ku malo awo achibale ndi mawonekedwe.

Katatu, piston yoyikidwa mwanzeru.Pini ya piston ndi bowo la pini ndizomwe zimasokoneza.Mukayiyika, choyamba ikani pisitoni m'madzi kapena mafuta ndikutenthetsa mofanana mpaka 90 ° C ~ 100 ° C.Mukachitulutsa, ikani ndodo ya tayi pamalo oyenera pakati pa mabowo a mipando ya pistoni, kenaka yikani pistoni yopaka mafuta munjira yomwe mwakonzeratu.mu dzenje la pisitoni ndi ndodo yamkuwa ya ndodo yolumikizira

Chachinayi, kuyika mphete ya pisitoni.Mukayika mphete za pistoni, samalani malo ndi dongosolo la mphete iliyonse.

Chachisanu, yikani gulu la ndodo yolumikizira.