Kodi chotenthetsera galimoto ndi chiyani?
Condenser (Condenser), yomwe ndi gawo la makina oziziritsira, ndi mtundu wa chosinthira kutentha chomwe chingasinthe mpweya kapena nthunzi kukhala madzi ndikusamutsa kutentha m'machubu kupita ku mpweya wapafupi mwachangu. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka condenser ndi njira yochokera ku exothermic, kotero kutentha kwa condenser nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera.
Malo opangira magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito ma condenser ambiri kuti azimitse nthunzi yotuluka m'ma turbine. M'malo opangira mafiriji, ma condenser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azimitse nthunzi yoziziritsa monga ammonia ndi Freon. Ma condenser amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga petrochemical kuti azimitse ma hydrocarbon ndi nthunzi zina za mankhwala. Mu njira yothira, chipangizo chomwe chimasintha nthunzi kukhala madzi chimatchedwanso condenser. Ma condenser onse amagwira ntchito pochotsa kutentha kuchokera ku mpweya kapena nthunzi.
Mpweya umadutsa mu chubu chachitali (nthawi zambiri chimakulungidwa kukhala solenoid), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kutuluke mumlengalenga wozungulira. Zitsulo monga mkuwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula nthunzi. Kuti condenser igwire bwino ntchito, ma heat sinks omwe ali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera kutentha nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku mapaipi kuti awonjezere malo otenthetsera kutentha ndikufulumizitsa kutenthetsera. Pakadali pano, mafani amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufulumizitsa kutenthetsera kwa mpweya ndikunyamula kutentha.
Mu dongosolo la makina oziziritsira, compressor imayamwa nthunzi yoziziritsira yotsika kutentha komanso yotsika mphamvu kuchokera ku evaporator. Pambuyo pokakamizidwa ndi compressor, imakhala nthunzi yotentha kwambiri komanso yotsika mphamvu, yomwe imakanikizidwa mu condenser kuti izizire nthawi zonse ndikutulutsa kutentha kupita ku malo ozizira. Pomaliza, imaziziritsidwa kukhala madzi ozizira. Madzi oziziritsira amadutsa mu adiabatic throttling kudzera mu valavu yowonjezera kuti ikhale madzi otsika mphamvu. Imasanduka nthunzi mu evaporator ndikuyamwa kutentha kuchokera ku madzi oziziritsira mpweya (mpweya), motero imaziziritsa madzi oziziritsira mpweya kuti akwaniritse cholinga choziziritsira. Refrigerant yotsika mphamvu yomwe imatuluka imayamwa mu compressor, ndipo kuzunguliraku kumapitirira.
Dongosolo loziziritsira la nthunzi lokhala ndi gawo limodzi limapangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu: compressor yoziziritsira, condenser, valavu yolumikizira ndi evaporator. Zigawozi zimalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi mapaipi kuti apange dongosolo lotsekedwa. Refrigerant imazungulira mosalekeza mkati mwa dongosolo, imadutsa mu kusintha kwa momwe zinthu zilili ndikusinthanitsa kutentha ndi dziko lakunja.
Mu makina oziziritsira, evaporator, condenser, compressor ndi throttling valve ndi zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri, zomwe evaporator ndi chipangizo chonyamulira kuzizira. Refrigerant imayamwa kutentha kwa chinthu choziziritsira chomwe chili mkati mwake kuti ikwaniritse kuzizira. Compressor ndi mtima, womwe umagwira ntchito pokoka, kufinya ndi kunyamula nthunzi ya refrigerant. Condenser ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatulutsa kutentha, kusamutsa kutentha komwe kumayamwa mu evaporator pamodzi ndi kutentha komwe kumasinthidwa kuchokera kuntchito ya compressor kupita ku malo ozizira kuti achotsedwe. Valavu ya throttle imagwira ntchito yochepetsa kupanikizika kwa refrigerant, pomwe ikuwongolera ndikulamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi oziziritsira omwe akuyenda mu evaporator, ndikugawa makinawo m'magawo awiri akuluakulu: mbali ya kuthamanga kwambiri ndi mbali ya kuthamanga kochepa. Mu makina enieni oziziritsira, kupatula zinthu zinayi zazikulu zomwe zili pamwambapa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zida zina zothandizira, monga ma solenoid valves, ogawa, owumitsa, osonkhanitsa kutentha, ma fusible plugs, owongolera kuthamanga ndi zinthu zina. Anakhazikitsidwa kuti akonze chuma, kudalirika komanso chitetezo cha ntchito.
Ma air conditioner amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kutengera mtundu wawo wozizira: wozizira m'madzi ndi wozizira m'mpweya. Malinga ndi ntchito zawo, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: wozizira m'modzi ndi wozizira komanso wotenthetsa. Mosasamala kanthu za kapangidwe ka mtundu uliwonse, onse amapangidwa ndi zigawo zazikulu zotsatirazi.
Kufunika kwa condenser kumadalira lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics - malinga ndi lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics, njira yoyendera mphamvu ya kutentha mkati mwa dongosolo lotsekedwa ndi yolunjika, ndiko kuti, imatha kuyenda kuchokera kutentha kwakukulu kupita kutentha kochepa. Mu dziko la microscopic, izi zimaonekera pamene tinthu ta microscopic tonyamula mphamvu ya kutentha timangosintha kuchokera ku dongosolo kupita ku kusokonezeka. Chifukwa chake, injini yotenthetsera ikagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yolowera, payeneranso kukhala mphamvu yotulutsa pansi. Mwanjira imeneyi yokha ndi pomwe pangakhale kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya kutentha pakati pa kumtunda ndi kumunsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyenda kwa mphamvu ya kutentha kutheke ndikulola kuti kuzungulira kupitirire.
Choncho, ngati munthu akufuna kuti chonyamulira chigwirenso ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti choyamba atulutse mphamvu yonse ya kutentha yomwe sinatulutsidwe kwathunthu. Pakadali pano, pakufunika chotenthetsera. Ngati mphamvu ya kutentha yozungulira ili yokwera kuposa kutentha mkati mwa chotenthetsera, kuti chotenthetsera chiziziritse, ntchito yopangira iyenera kuchitika (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito compressor). Pambuyo pa kuzizira, madziwo amabwerera ku mkhalidwe wapamwamba komanso mphamvu yochepa ya kutentha ndipo amatha kugwiranso ntchito.
Kusankha ma condenser kumaphatikizapo kusankha mawonekedwe ndi chitsanzo, komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi ozizira kapena mpweya wodutsa mu condenser. Kusankha mtundu wa condenser kuyenera kuganizira gwero la madzi am'deralo, kutentha kwa madzi, nyengo, komanso mphamvu yonse yoziziritsira ya makina oziziritsira komanso zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chipinda cha makina oziziritsira. Pansi pa mfundo yodziwira mtundu wa condenser, malo osamutsira kutentha kwa condenser amawerengedwa kutengera katundu woziziritsira ndi katundu wotentha pa gawo lililonse la condenser, kuti musankhe chitsanzo chenicheni cha condenser.
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