Pistoni mphete.
Mphete ya pisitoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika poyambira pisitoni mkati mwa mphete yachitsulo, mphete ya pisitoni imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mphete yopondera ndi mphete yamafuta. Mphete yopondereza itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza gasi wosakaniza woyaka muchipinda choyaka; Mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ochulukirapo mu silinda. Mphete ya pisitoni ndi mtundu wa mphete zotanuka zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu okulirapo akunja, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumbiri ndi poyambira pake. Mphete za pistoni zobwerezabwereza komanso zozungulira zimadalira kusiyana kwa mpweya kapena madzi kuti apange chisindikizo pakati pa bwalo lakunja la mphete ndi silinda ndi mbali imodzi ya mphete ndi poyambira mphete.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Mphete za pistoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana amagetsi, monga injini za nthunzi, injini za dizilo, injini zamafuta, compressor, makina osindikizira a hydraulic, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, masitima apamadzi, zombo, ma yacht ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri, mphete ya pisitoni imayikidwa mumphepete mwa pisitoni, ndipo pisitoni, silinda liner, mutu wa silinda ndi zigawo zina za chipindacho kuti zigwire ntchito.
Mphete ya pistoni ndiye gawo lalikulu mkati mwa injini yamafuta, iyo ndi silinda, pisitoni, khoma la silinda limodzi kuti amalize kusindikiza kwamafuta. Injini zamagalimoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya injini za dizilo ndi mafuta, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana amafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphete za pistoni sikufanana, mphete zoyambira za pistoni zimapangidwa ndi kuponyera, koma ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri. mphete za pisitoni zidabadwa, ndipo ndi ntchito ya injiniyo, zofunikira zachilengedwe zikupitilirabe bwino, njira zingapo zamankhwala zotsogola zapamwamba, monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, electroplating, chrome plating, etc. Mpweya wa nitriding, kuyika thupi, ❖ kuyanika pamwamba, nthaka manganese phosphating chithandizo, etc., kwambiri kusintha ntchito ya mphete pisitoni.
Ntchito ya mphete ya pisitoni imaphatikizapo kusindikiza, kuwongolera mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta), kuwongolera kutentha (kutengera kutentha), kuwongolera (thandizo) magawo anayi. Kusindikiza: Kumatanthawuza kusindikiza gasi, musalole kuti mpweya woyaka m'chipindacho utsike ku crankcase, kutayikira kwa mpweya kumayendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuwongolera kutentha. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya injini, komanso kumapangitsa kuti mafuta awonongeke, omwe ndi ntchito yaikulu ya mphete ya gasi; Sinthani mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta): mafuta owonjezera opaka pakhoma la silinda amachotsedwa, ndipo khoma la silinda limakutidwa ndi filimu yopyapyala yamafuta kuti zitsimikizire kuti silinda ndi pisitoni ndi mphete, yomwe ndi ntchito yayikulu. mphete ya mafuta. M'mainjini amakono othamanga kwambiri, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa ku filimu yamafuta a piston ring control; Kutentha kwa pisitoni: kutentha kwa pisitoni kumaperekedwa ku liner ya silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni, ndiko kuti, kuzizira. Malinga ndi deta yodalirika, 70 ~ 80% ya kutentha komwe kumalandiridwa ndi pisitoni pamwamba pa pisitoni yosakhazikika kumamwazikana kudzera mu mphete ya pisitoni kupita ku khoma la silinda, ndipo 30 ~ 40% ya pisitoni yozizira imamwazikana kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni kupita ku silinda. khoma; Thandizo: Mphete ya pistoni imasunga pisitoni mu silinda, imalepheretsa kukhudzana kwachindunji pakati pa pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda, imawonetsetsa kuyenda bwino kwa pisitoni, imachepetsa kugundana, ndikuletsa pisitoni kugogoda silinda. Nthawi zambiri, pisitoni ya injini yamafuta imagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri za gasi ndi mphete imodzi yamafuta, pomwe injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zamafuta ndi mphete imodzi yamafuta.
Chizindikiritso chabwino ndi choipa
Kugwira ntchito kwa mphete ya pisitoni sikukhala ndi ma nick, zikanda, peeling, silinda yakunja ndi chapamwamba ndi cham'munsi chapamwamba chimakhala ndi mapeto okhazikika, kupatuka kwa kupindika sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.02-0.04 mm, kutsika kwapakati mphete mu poyambira siyenera kupitirira 0.15-0.25 mm, ndipo elasticity ndi chilolezo cha mphete pisitoni kukumana. zofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, tiyeneranso kuyang'ana kuwala kwa mphete ya pistoni, ndiko kuti, mphete ya pistoni ndi yosalala mu silinda, ikani nyali yaying'ono pansi pa mphete ya pistoni, ikani chophimba chowala pamwamba, ndiyeno muwone kusiyana kwa kutuluka kwa kuwala pakati pawo. mphete ya pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda, zomwe zikuwonetsa ngati kulumikizana pakati pa mphete ya pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda ndikwabwino. Nthawi zonse, kuwala kwa mphete ya pistoni yoyezera ndi makulidwe a sikelo sayenera kupitirira 0.03 mm. Kutalika kwa msoko wopitilira kuwala kopitilira muyeso sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira 1/3 ya silinda m'mimba mwake, kutalika kwa mipata yambiri yotulutsa kuwala sikuyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 1/3 ya silinda m'mimba mwake, komanso kutalika kwamitundu ingapo. kutayikira kopepuka sikuyenera kupitirira 1/2 ya silinda awiri, apo ayi, iyenera kusinthidwa. Piston yolemba mphete ya GB/T 1149.1-94 imatanthawuza kuti mphete zonse za pistoni zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikhale ndi njira yokwerera zidzalembedwa kumtunda, ndiko kuti, mbali yomwe ili pafupi ndi chipinda choyaka moto. Mphete zomwe zalembedwa kumtunda zikuphatikizapo: mphete ya cone, chamfer yamkati, mphete yodula yakunja, mphete ya mphuno, mphete ya mphero ndi mphete ya mafuta yomwe imafuna kuyika njira, ndipo mbali yakumtunda kwa mpheteyo imalembedwa.
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