Chokometsera mpweya wozizira m'galimoto ndiye maziko a makina oziziritsira mpweya wozizira m'galimoto ndipo chimagwira ntchito yopondereza ndi kunyamula nthunzi ya refrigerant. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma compressor: kusamuka kosasinthasintha ndi kusamuka kosasinthasintha. Malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, ma compressor a mpweya wozizira amatha kugawidwa m'ma compressor osasinthika komanso ma compressor osinthasintha osasinthika.
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, ma compressor nthawi zambiri amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yobwerezabwereza ndi yozungulira. Ma compressor obwerezabwereza wamba amaphatikizapo mtundu wa ndodo yolumikizira ya crankshaft ndi mtundu wa piston wa axial, ndipo ma compressor ozungulira wamba amaphatikizapo mtundu wa vane wozungulira ndi mtundu wa scroll.
Chokometsera mpweya wozizira m'galimoto ndiye maziko a makina oziziritsira mpweya wozizira m'galimoto ndipo chimagwira ntchito yopondereza ndi kunyamula nthunzi ya firiji.
Kugawa
Ma compressor amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kusuntha kosasinthasintha ndi kusuntha kosinthasintha.
Ma compressor oziziritsa mpweya nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu obwerezabwereza ndi ozungulira malinga ndi njira zawo zogwirira ntchito mkati.
Kufalitsa kosinthika kwa mfundo zogwirira ntchito
Malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, ma compressor oziziritsa mpweya amatha kugawidwa m'ma compressor osasunthika komanso ma compressor osinthasintha.
Chokometsera chosasinthika chokhazikika
Kusuntha kwa compressor yokhazikika kumawonjezeka mofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la injini. Singathe kusintha mphamvu yokha malinga ndi kufunikira kwa kuziziritsa, ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini. Kulamulira kwake nthawi zambiri kumasonkhanitsa chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa mpweya wotuluka mu evaporator. Kutentha kukafika pa kutentha komwe kwakhazikitsidwa, clutch yamagetsi ya compressor imatulutsidwa ndipo compressor imasiya kugwira ntchito. Kutentha kukakwera, clutch yamagetsi imayikidwa ndipo compressor imayamba kugwira ntchito. Compressor yokhazikika imayendetsedwanso ndi kuthamanga kwa makina oziziritsira mpweya. Kuthamanga kwapaipi kukakwera kwambiri, compressor imasiya kugwira ntchito.
Chokometsera chowongolera mpweya chosinthasintha
Compressor yosinthasintha imatha kusintha mphamvu yotulutsa yokha malinga ndi kutentha komwe kwayikidwa. Dongosolo lowongolera mpweya silisonkhanitsa chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa mpweya wotuluka mu evaporator, koma limawongolera chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa compressor malinga ndi chizindikiro chosintha cha kupanikizika mu payipi yoziziritsira mpweya kuti lisinthe kutentha kwa mpweya wotuluka. Mu ndondomeko yonse yoziziritsira, compressor imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo kusintha kwa mphamvu ya firiji kumayendetsedwa kwathunthu ndi valavu yowongolera kupanikizika yomwe yayikidwa mkati mwa compressor. Pamene kupanikizika kumapeto kwa kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa payipi yoziziritsira mpweya kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, valavu yowongolera kupanikizika imafupikitsa kugwedezeka kwa pistoni mu compressor kuti ichepetse chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya kuzizira. Pamene kupanikizika kumapeto kwa kupanikizika kwakukulu kumatsika kufika pamlingo winawake ndipo kupanikizika kumapeto kwa kupsinjika kochepa kumakwera kufika pamlingo winawake, valavu yowongolera kupanikizika imawonjezera kugwedezeka kwa pistoni kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya kuzizira.
Kugawa kalembedwe ka ntchito
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, ma compressor nthawi zambiri amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yobwerezabwereza ndi yozungulira. Ma compressor obwerezabwereza wamba amaphatikizapo mtundu wa ndodo yolumikizira ya crankshaft ndi mtundu wa piston wa axial, ndipo ma compressor ozungulira wamba amaphatikizapo mtundu wa vane wozungulira ndi mtundu wa scroll.
Chokometsera cholumikizira ndodo ya Crankshaft
Njira yogwirira ntchito ya compressor iyi ingagawidwe m'magulu anayi, omwe ndi kukanikiza, kutulutsa utsi, kukulitsa, ndi kuyamwa. Pamene crankshaft ikuzungulira, ndodo yolumikizira imayendetsa pisitoni kuti ibwererenso, ndipo voliyumu yogwirira ntchito yopangidwa ndi khoma lamkati la silinda, mutu wa silinda ndi pamwamba pa pistoni imasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, motero imakanikiza ndikunyamula firiji mu dongosolo loziziritsira. Compressor yolumikizira ndodo ya crankshaft ndi compressor ya m'badwo woyamba. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ili ndi ukadaulo wopanga wachikulire, kapangidwe kosavuta, zosowa zochepa pa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito ndi ukadaulo wozikonzera, komanso mtengo wotsika. Ili ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, imatha kusintha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika komanso zofunikira pakuziziritsira, ndipo imatha kusungidwa bwino.
Komabe, compressor yolumikizira ndodo ya crankshaft ilinso ndi zofooka zina zoonekeratu, monga kulephera kufika pa liwiro lalikulu, makinawo ndi akulu komanso olemera, ndipo sikophweka kufika pa kulemera kopepuka. Utsi wotuluka umasiya kugwira ntchito, mpweya umasinthasintha, ndipo pamakhala kugwedezeka kwakukulu panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe omwe ali pamwambapa a ma compressor a crankshaft-connecting-rod, ma compressor ochepa ang'onoang'ono osinthira agwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kameneka. Pakadali pano, ma compressor a crankshaft-connecting-rod amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makina oziziritsira mpweya akuluakulu a magalimoto ndi malole.
Chokometsa cha Piston cha Axial
Ma compressor a axial piston amatha kutchedwa ma compressor a m'badwo wachiwiri, ndipo odziwika bwino ndi ma compressor a rocker-plate kapena swash-plate, omwe ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma compressor a air-conditioning agalimoto. Zigawo zazikulu za swash plate compressor ndi main shaft ndi swash plate. Masilinda amakonzedwa mozungulira ndi shaft yayikulu ya compressor ngati pakati, ndipo mayendedwe a piston amafanana ndi shaft yayikulu ya compressor. Ma piston a ma compressor ambiri a swash plate amapangidwa ngati ma piston okhala ndi mitu iwiri, monga axial 6-cylinder compressors, ma silinda atatu ali kutsogolo kwa compressor, ndipo ma silinda ena atatu ali kumbuyo kwa compressor. Ma piston okhala ndi mitu iwiri amatsetsereka motsatizana m'ma silinda ena. Pamene malekezero ena a piston akakamiza nthunzi ya refrigerant mu silinda yakutsogolo, malekezero ena a piston amapumira nthunzi ya refrigerant mu silinda yakumbuyo. Silinda iliyonse ili ndi ma valve a mpweya okwera komanso otsika, ndipo chitoliro china champhamvu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zipinda zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri. Mbale yopendekeka imakhazikika ndi shaft yayikulu ya compressor, m'mphepete mwa mbale yopendekeka imasonkhanitsidwa mu groove pakati pa piston, ndipo groove ya piston ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale yopendekeka zimathandizidwa ndi ma bearing a mpira wachitsulo. Shaft yayikulu ikazungulira, mbale yopendekeka imazunguliranso, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mbale yopendekeka imakankhira piston kuti ibwererenso mozungulira. Ngati mbale yopendekeka izungulira kamodzi, ma piston awiri akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo amamaliza kuzungulira kwa kukakamiza, kutulutsa, kukulitsa, ndi kukoka, komwe kuli kofanana ndi ntchito ya ma cylinders awiri. Ngati ndi compressor ya axial 6-cylinder, ma cylinders atatu ndi ma piston atatu okhala ndi mitu iwiri amagawidwa mofanana pa gawo la block ya cylinder. Shaft yayikulu ikazungulira kamodzi, imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu ya ma cylinders 6.
Chojambulira cha swash plate n'chosavuta kuchipanga kukhala chopepuka komanso chopepuka, ndipo chimagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Chili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso chodalirika. Chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma air conditioner a magalimoto.
Chokometsa cha Vane Chozungulira
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mawonekedwe a silinda ya ma compressor a rotary vane: ozungulira ndi ozungulira. Mu silinda yozungulira, shaft yayikulu ya rotor ili ndi mtunda wosiyana kuchokera pakati pa silinda, kotero kuti rotor imalumikizidwa bwino pakati pa mabowo okoka ndi otulutsa mpweya pamwamba pa silinda. Mu silinda yozungulira, mzere waukulu wa rotor ndi pakati pa ellipse zimagwirizana. Masamba pa rotor amagawa silinda m'malo angapo. Pamene shaft yayikulu ikuyendetsa rotor kuti izungulire kamodzi, kuchuluka kwa malo awa kumasintha mosalekeza, ndipo nthunzi ya refrigerant imasinthanso kuchuluka ndi kutentha m'malo awa. Ma compressor a rotary vane alibe valavu yokoka mpweya chifukwa ma vane amagwira ntchito yoyamwa ndikukanikiza refrigerant. Ngati pali masamba awiri, pali njira ziwiri zotulutsira mpweya mu kuzungulira kamodzi kwa shaft yayikulu. Masamba ambiri, kusinthasintha kwa kutulutsa kwa compressor kumakhala kochepa.
Monga compressor ya m'badwo wachitatu, chifukwa kuchuluka ndi kulemera kwa compressor ya rotary vane kumatha kuchepetsedwa, ndikosavuta kuyiyika mu chipinda chopapatiza cha injini, kuphatikiza zabwino za phokoso lochepa ndi kugwedezeka, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa volumetric, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumakina oziziritsira mpweya wamagalimoto. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Komabe, compressor ya rotary vane ili ndi zofunikira zambiri pa kulondola kwa makina komanso mtengo wokwera wopanga.
chosindikizira chozungulira
Ma compressor oterewa angatchulidwe kuti ma compressor a m'badwo wachinayi. Kapangidwe ka ma compressor a scroll kagawika m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa dynamic ndi static ndi mtundu wa double revolution. Pakadali pano, mtundu wa dynamic ndi static ndiye ntchito yodziwika kwambiri. Zigawo zake zogwirira ntchito zimapangidwa makamaka ndi dynamic turbine ndi static turbine. Kapangidwe ka ma turbine a dynamic ndi static ndi ofanana kwambiri, ndipo onse amapangidwa ndi end plate ndi involute spiral tooth yochokera ku end plate, awiriwa amakonzedwa mosiyana ndipo kusiyana ndi 180°, static turbine ndi yosasuntha, ndipo turbine yosuntha imazunguliridwa mosiyana ndikusinthidwa ndi crankshaft pansi pa choletsa chapadera chotsutsana ndi kuzungulira, ndiko kuti, palibe kuzungulira, koma kusintha kokha. Ma scroll compressor ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, compressor ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake komanso yopepuka kulemera kwake, ndipo eccentric shaft yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka turbine imatha kuzungulira mwachangu. Chifukwa palibe suction valve ndi discharge valve, scroll compressor imagwira ntchito modalirika, ndipo ndikosavuta kuzindikira variable speed movement ndi variable displacement technology. Zipinda zambiri zopondereza zimagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, kusiyana kwa mpweya pakati pa zipinda zopondereza zapafupi ndi kochepa, kutuluka kwa mpweya pang'ono, ndipo mphamvu ya volumetric ndi yayikulu. Ma compressor opondereza akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osungiramo firiji ang'onoang'ono chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wa kapangidwe kakang'ono, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kusunga mphamvu, kugwedezeka kochepa komanso phokoso lochepa, komanso kudalirika kogwira ntchito, motero akhala amodzi mwa njira zazikulu zopangira ukadaulo wa compressor.
Zovuta zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri
Popeza chimagwira ntchito chozungulira mofulumira kwambiri, chipangizo choziziritsira mpweya chimakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wolephera kugwira ntchito. Zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi phokoso losazolowereka, kutuluka kwa madzi komanso kusagwira ntchito.
(1) Phokoso losazolowereka Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti compressor ikhale ndi phokoso losazolowereka. Mwachitsanzo, clutch yamagetsi ya compressor yawonongeka, kapena mkati mwa compressor mwawonongeka kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingayambitse phokoso losazolowereka.
①Cholumikizira chamagetsi cha compressor ndi malo ofala komwe phokoso lachilendo limachitika. Cholumikizira nthawi zambiri chimayenda kuyambira pa liwiro lotsika mpaka liwiro lalikulu pansi pa katundu wambiri, kotero zofunikira pa cholumikizira chamagetsi zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo malo oyika cholumikizira chamagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nthaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupi ndi madzi amvula ndi nthaka. Pamene cholumikizira mu cholumikizira chamagetsi chawonongeka, phokoso lachilendo limachitika.
②Kuphatikiza pa vuto la clutch yamagetsi yokha, kulimba kwa lamba woyendetsa wa compressor kumakhudzanso mwachindunji moyo wa clutch yamagetsi. Ngati lamba woyendetsa ndi womasuka kwambiri, clutch yamagetsi imatha kutsetsereka; ngati lamba woyendetsa ndi wolimba kwambiri, katundu pa clutch yamagetsi amawonjezeka. Ngati kulimba kwa lamba woyendetsa sikoyenera, compressor sigwira ntchito pamlingo wopepuka, ndipo compressor idzawonongeka ikalemera. Lamba woyendetsa ikagwira ntchito, ngati compressor pulley ndi pulley ya jenereta sizili pamalo amodzi, zimachepetsa moyo wa lamba woyendetsa kapena compressor.
③ Kupopera ndi kutseka kwa clutch yamagetsi mobwerezabwereza kungayambitsenso phokoso losazolowereka mu compressor. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga mphamvu kwa jenereta sikukwanira, kuthamanga kwa makina oziziritsira mpweya kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kapena katundu wa injini ndi waukulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti clutch yamagetsi ilowe mobwerezabwereza.
④Payenera kukhala kusiyana pakati pa clutch yamagetsi ndi malo okwerera compressor. Ngati kusiyana kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kukhudzidwa kudzawonjezekanso. Ngati kusiyana kuli kochepa kwambiri, clutch yamagetsi idzasokoneza malo okwerera compressor panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala cha phokoso losazolowereka.
⑤ Compressor imafunika mafuta odzola odalirika ikagwira ntchito. Ngati compressor ikusowa mafuta odzola, kapena mafuta odzola sakugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, phokoso lalikulu losazolowereka lidzachitika mkati mwa compressor, ndipo lingapangitse compressor kutopa ndi kutayidwa.
(2) Kutaya Madzi Kutaya madzi mufiriji ndi vuto lofala kwambiri m'makina oziziritsira mpweya. Gawo lotayikira la compressor nthawi zambiri limakhala pamalo olumikizirana a compressor ndi mapaipi okwera komanso otsika, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kuyang'ana chifukwa cha malo oyika. Kupanikizika kwamkati kwa makina oziziritsira mpweya kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo firiji ikatuluka, mafuta a compressor amatayika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina oziziritsira mpweya asagwire ntchito kapena compressor isapatsidwe mafuta okwanira. Pali ma valve oteteza mpweya pamakina oziziritsira mpweya. Ma valve oteteza mpweya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Kupanikizika kwa makina kukakwera kwambiri, valavu yoteteza mpweya iyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.
(3) Sikugwira ntchito Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe compressor ya air conditioner sigwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi magetsi. Mutha kuyang'ana poyamba ngati compressor yawonongeka popereka mphamvu mwachindunji ku clutch ya electromagnetic ya compressor.
Malangizo osamalira mpweya wozizira
Nkhani zachitetezo zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa mukamakonza mafiriji
(1) Musagwire choziziritsira m'malo otsekedwa kapena pafupi ndi lawi lotseguka;
(2) Magalasi oteteza ayenera kuvalidwa;
(3) Pewani kulowetsa madzi m'maso kapena kutsanulira pakhungu;
(4) Musaloze pansi pa thanki ya firiji kwa anthu, matanki ena a firiji ali ndi zipangizo zotulutsira mpweya wadzidzidzi pansi;
(5) Musayike thanki yoziziritsira m'madzi otentha omwe kutentha kwake kuli pamwamba pa 40°C;
(6) Ngati madzi oziziritsira alowa m'maso kapena kukhudza khungu, musalipake, litsukeni nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ozizira ambiri, ndipo pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kuti mukapeze dokotala kuti akuthandizeni, ndipo musayese kuthana nalo nokha.
