Kusuntha ndi chidule cha "njira yogwirira ntchito ya shift lever", chomwe chimatanthauza njira yogwirira ntchito yomwe dalaivala amasintha nthawi zonse malo a shift lever malinga ndi momwe msewu ulili komanso liwiro la galimoto kudzera mumayendedwe osiyanasiyana amisala ndi thupi. Mu njira yoyendetsera galimoto kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu amaipereka chifukwa cha dzina lake lalifupi komanso lolunjika. Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Ndipo luso la ntchitoyi (makamaka galimoto yoyendetsa ndi dzanja) limakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha anthu oyendetsa galimoto.
Njira yotchedwa "njira yogwirira ntchito ya shift lever" imangokhala pa "shift lever" yokha; pomwe shifting sikuti imangophatikizapo "njira yogwirira ntchito ya shift lever", komanso chofunika kwambiri, poganizira za kukwaniritsa cholinga (shift), kuphatikizapo kuyerekezera liwiro la galimoto, ndi zina zotero. Njira zonse zamaganizo ndi za thupi, kuphatikizapo mbali zina.
Zofunikira zaukadaulo pakusuntha magiya zitha kufotokozedwa m'mawu asanu ndi atatu: nthawi yake, yolondola, yokhazikika komanso yachangu.
Pa nthawi yake: Dziwani bwino nthawi yoyenera yosinthira, kutanthauza kuti, simuyenera kuwonjezera giya msanga kwambiri, komanso simuyenera kuchepetsa giya mochedwa kwambiri.
Zolondola: Chogwirira cha clutch, chogwirira cha accelerator ndi chogwirira cha gear ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa bwino komanso mogwirizana, ndipo malo awo ayenera kukhala olondola.
Yokhazikika: Mukasintha giya yatsopano, masulani pedal ya clutch munthawi yake komanso mokhazikika.
Mwachangu: Kuchitapo kanthu kuyenera kukhala kwachangu kuti kufupikitse nthawi yosinthira, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ya kinetic ya galimoto, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
gwirani ntchito
buloko
(1) Zofunikira pakuwonjezera block. Galimoto isanawonjezere giya, malinga ndi momwe msewu ulili komanso momwe magalimoto amayendera, yendani pang'onopang'ono pa accelerator pedal ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono liwiro la galimotoyo. Njirayi imatchedwa "kuthamangitsa galimoto". Ngati liwiro la galimotoyo ndi loyenera kusunthira ku giya yapamwamba, nthawi yomweyo kwezani accelerator pedal, yendani pa clutch pedal, ndikusuntha giya la gear ku giya yapamwamba; Yendetsani bwino. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, gwiritsani ntchito njira yomweyi kuti musunthire ku giya yapamwamba. Chinsinsi cha kukweza bwino ndi kukula kwa "galimoto yothamanga". Mtunda wa "galimoto yothamanga" uyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mulingo wa giya yowonjezera. Giya ikakwera, mtunda wa "galimoto yothamanga" umakhala wautali. "Ikathamanga", accelerator pedal iyenera kuyendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo liwiro lapakati liyenera kukwezedwa mwachangu. Giya ikakwezedwa, mutasuntha giya yapamwamba, clutch pedal iyenera kukwezedwa mwachangu pamalo olumikizidwa pang'ono. Iyenera kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi kenako kukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti mphamvu isamutsidwe bwino ndikupewa kupangitsa galimoto "kuthamanga patsogolo" ikasuntha.
(2) Nthawi yokwera. Galimoto ikayendetsa, bola ngati mikhalidwe ya msewu ndi magalimoto zilola, iyenera kusinthidwa ku giya yapamwamba munthawi yake. Musanawonjezere giya, muyenera kufulumizitsa "galimoto yothamanga" kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali mphamvu zokwanira kuti galimotoyo iyende bwino itatha kusuntha. Ngati "kuthamanga" (liwiro la galimoto) ndi laling'ono kwambiri (lotsika), lingayambitse mphamvu zosakwanira komanso kugwedezeka mutasuntha; ngati nthawi ya "kuthamanga" ndi yayitali kwambiri, injini idzayenda ndi liwiro lalikulu kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zidzawonjezera kuwonongeka ndi kuchepetsa ndalama. Chifukwa chake, "galimoto yothamanga" iyenera kukhala yoyenera, ndipo giya iyenera kuwonjezeredwa munthawi yake. Nthawi ya giya iyenera kudziwika malinga ndi phokoso la injini, liwiro ndi mphamvu. Ngati muponda pedal ya accelerator mutasuntha, liwiro la injini limatsika ndipo mphamvu sikokwanira, zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yosuntha ndi yoyambirira kwambiri.
Ndondomeko ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito: onjezerani giya yotsika ku giya yapamwamba, tsukani bwino mafuta a galimoto kuti mupitirize kuyenda bwino; sitepe imodzi kuti mutenge sitepe yachiwiri kuti mupachike, ndi kukweza katatu kuti muwonjezere mafuta.
Mfundo zochitira: thamangitsani galimoto kuti ifulumire kuti imve phokoso, yendani pa clutch ndikusankha neutral; dikirani mpaka phokoso la mafuta limveke, kenako yendani pa clutch ndikuwonjezera giya.
kusintha pang'ono
(1) Zofunikira pakuchepetsa magiya. Tulutsani pedal ya accelerator, pondani pedal ya clutch mwachangu, sunthani lever ya gear kukhala neutral, kenako masulani pedal ya clutch, pondani mwachangu pedal ya accelerator ndi phazi lanu lamanja (onjezerani "mafuta opanda kanthu"), kenako pondani mwachangu pedal ya clutch, sunthani lever ya gear ku level yotsika. Giyani, kanikizani njira yofulumira-yoyima-yochepekera kuti mutulutse pedal ya clutch, kuti galimoto ipitirize kuyendetsa mu giya yatsopano.
(2) Nthawi yotsitsa liwiro. Mukamayendetsa galimoto, mukaona kuti mphamvu ya injini si yokwanira ndipo liwiro la galimoto likuchepa pang'onopang'ono, zikutanthauza kuti giya yoyambirira singathenso kuyendetsa bwino galimotoyo, ndipo muyenera kusintha giya yotsika nthawi ndi nthawi komanso mwachangu. Ngati liwiro lachepa kwambiri, mutha kusiya kutsitsa liwiro.
Ndondomeko ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito: chepetsani giya kukhala yotsika mukafika pa giya, musachite mantha mukaona liwiro la galimoto; sitepe imodzi imakwezanso lifti yachiwiri, ndipo sitepe yachitatu imasuntha mafuta kuti apitirize kuyenda.
Mfundo zochitira: tengani accelerator ndi pick neutral, ndikutulutsa mafuta malinga ndi liwiro la galimoto; pamene phokoso la mafuta silikutha, kanikizani clutch ndikusinthira ku giya yotsika.
kusintha kwa manja
Pa galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto yamanja, kufunika kwa clutch sikunganyalanyazidwe kuti muyendetse momasuka. Mukamayendetsa galimoto, musaponde clutch kapena kuyika phazi lanu pa clutch pedal nthawi zonse, kupatulapo galimoto ikayamba, ikasuntha ndi mabuleki pa liwiro lotsika, muyenera kuponda clutch pedal.
Kugwira ntchito koyenera poyambira. Zofunikira pa ntchito ya clutch pedal poyambira ndi "kulumikizana kamodzi kofulumira, kawiri pang'onopang'ono, katatu". Ndiko kuti, pedal ikakwezedwa, imakwezedwa mwachangu; clutch ikawoneka ngati yolumikizidwa pang'ono (phokoso la injini limasintha panthawiyi), liwiro la kukweza pedal limachepa pang'ono; kuyambira pa kulumikizana mpaka kuphatikiza konse, pedal imakwezedwa pang'onopang'ono mu clutch. Pamene pedal ikukwezedwa, pang'onopang'ono kanikizani accelerator pedal malinga ndi kukana kwa injini, kuti galimoto iyambe bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino posuntha magiya. Mukasuntha magiya mukuyendetsa, pedal ya clutch iyenera kupondedwa mwachangu ndikukwezedwa, ndipo sipayenera kukhala vuto la semi-linkage, apo ayi, kutopa kwa clutch kudzafulumira. Kuphatikiza apo, samalani ndi mgwirizano ndi throttle mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Kuti kusuntha kwa giya kukhale kosalala ndikuchepetsa kutopa kwa njira yosinthira magiya ndi clutch, "njira yosinthira magiya awiri" ikulimbikitsidwa. Ngakhale kuti njira iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuyigwiritsa ntchito, ndi njira yabwino yosungira ndalama poyendetsa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino poyendetsa galimoto. Poyendetsa galimoto, kuwonjezera pa kuletsa kuletsa kutsekeka kwa clutch, yesetsani kuti musatsekeze clutch pedal poyendetsa galimoto pazifukwa zina.
Kuwongolera ma gearbox ndi manja n'kovuta, ndipo pali luso ndi malangizo ena. Pofuna mphamvu, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa nthawi yosinthira ndikulola galimoto kuti iyende mofulumira kwambiri. Ponena za chiphunzitso, injini yonse ikakhala pafupi ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kuthamanga kwake kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri.
kusinthana kwa galimoto yokha
Kusuntha kwa magiya odziyimira pawokha kumayendetsedwa ndi kompyuta, ndipo ntchito yake ndi yosavuta.
1. Mukayendetsa galimoto pamsewu wowongoka, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito giya ya "D". Ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto pamsewu wodzaza anthu mumzinda, sinthani giya yachitatu kuti mupeze mphamvu zambiri.
2. Yesetsani kuyendetsa bwino buleki yowongolera ya phazi lamanzere. Ngati mukufuna kuyendetsa galimoto m'malo otsetsereka pang'ono musanalowe pamalo oimika magalimoto, mutha kuwongolera accelerator ndi phazi lanu lamanja, ndikuponda buleki ndi phazi lanu lamanzere kuti muwongolere galimotoyo kuti ipite patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kuti isagunde kumbuyo.
Chosankha magiya cha giya lodziyimira lokha ndi chofanana ndi chowongolera magiya cha giya la giya lamanja. Nthawi zambiri, pali magiya awa: P (kuimika magalimoto), R (giya lobwerera m'mbuyo), N (neutral), D (forward), S (or2, yomwe ndi 2). giya), L (or1, ndiko kuti, giya loyamba). Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magiya awa ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amayendetsa galimoto yodziyimira lokha. Mukayambitsa galimoto ndi giya lodziyimira lokha, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino othamanga, mutha kusunga kutseguka kwakukulu kwa accelerator, ndipo giya lodziyimira lokha lidzakwera mu giya lokwera pa liwiro lalikulu; ngati mukufuna kuyenda bwino, mutha kukweza pang'ono pedal ya gasi panthawi yoyenera ndipo giya lidzakwera yokha. Kusunga ma revs a injini otsika pa liwiro lomwelo kumabweretsa kuyenda bwino komanso bata. Pakadali pano, kanikizani pang'ono pedal ya accelerator kuti mupitirize kuthamanga, ndipo giya silibwerera ku giya loyambirira nthawi yomweyo. Iyi ndi ntchito yokweza patsogolo ndi kutsitsa pang'ono zomwe zimapangidwa ndi wopanga kuti apewe kusuntha pafupipafupi. Mvetsetsani chowonadi ichi, mutha kusangalala ndi chisangalalo choyendetsa chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha magiya odziyimira pawokha momwe mukufunira.
zachuma
Mwachitsanzo, galimoto ya Audi ikayendetsa pa liwiro losasintha la makilomita 40 ndi makilomita 100 pa ola limodzi, liwiro la injini nthawi zambiri limakhala 1800-2000 rpm, ndipo imakwera kufika pafupifupi 3000 rpm ikathamanga mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, tinganene kuti liwiro la 2000 rpm ndi liwiro lotsika mtengo, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chisonyezero cha kutumiza kwamanja.
Poyerekeza, magalimoto a 1.8 ndi 1.8T opatsirana ndi manja amayendetsa mwachangu kwambiri pa liwiro limeneli mu giya iliyonse pamene injini ili ndi liwiro la 2000 rpm. Eni ake omwe akuyembekeza kusunga mafuta amatha kusintha magiya pafupifupi 2000 rpm, pomwe omwe amatsata mphamvu amatha kuchedwetsa kusintha.
