chonyowa
Wet Sump
pansi mafuta
Magalimoto ambiri omwe amawonedwa pamsika ndi mapoto onyowa amafuta. Chifukwa chomwe amatchulidwira mapoto amafuta onyowa ndichakuti crankshaft ya crankshaft ndi malekezero akulu a ndodo yolumikizira injiniyo amamizidwa m'mafuta opaka mafuta a poto yamafuta kamodzi pakasintha kachipangizoka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri kwa crankshaft, nthawi iliyonse pamene crankshaft imamizidwa mu dziwe lamafuta pa liwiro lalikulu, mafuta ena otsekemera ndi mafuta amatsitsimutsidwa kuti atsitsimutse crankshaft ndi chitsamba chonyamula, chomwe chiri. amatchedwa splash lubrication. Mwanjira iyi, pali zofunika zina zamadzimadzi amafuta opaka mafuta mu poto yamafuta. Ngati ndi yotsika kwambiri, crankshaft ya crankshaft ndi malekezero akulu a ndodo yolumikizira sizingamizidwe mumafuta opaka mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwamafuta ndi crankshaft yosalala, ndodo yolumikizira ndi chitsamba chonyamula. ; Ngati mafuta opaka mafuta ndi okwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti adzamizidwa kwathunthu, zomwe zidzakulitsa kukana kwa crankshaft, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzatsogolera kutsika kwa injini.
Njira yopaka mafuta yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta ndipo safunanso thanki yowonjezera yamafuta, koma kupendekera kwagalimoto sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, apo ayi kungayambitse ngozi ya silinda yamafuta chifukwa cha kulephera kwamafuta ndi kutayikira kwamafuta.
youma
Dry Sump
Sump zowuma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini ambiri othamanga. Simasunga mafuta mu sump, ndendende, palibe sump yamafuta. Kugwedezeka kwa kayendedwe kameneka mu crankcase kumakongoletsedwa mwa kukanikiza mafuta kupyola m'mwamba umodzi. Popeza injini yowuma sump imathetsa ntchito yosungiramo mafuta a sump yamafuta, kutalika kwa sump yamafuta osakanizidwa kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, komanso kutalika kwa injini kumachepetsedwa. Ubwino waukulu ndikuti umapewa zovuta za sump yonyowa chifukwa choyendetsa kwambiri.
Komabe, mphamvu zonse za mafuta opaka mafuta zimachokera ku mpope wamafuta. Mphamvu ya mpope wamafuta imalumikizidwa ndi magiya kudzera pakusintha kwa crankshaft. Ngakhale mu injini yonyowa ya sump, pampu yamafuta imafunikanso kuti ipereke kutsekemera kwa camshaft. Koma mphamvu imeneyi ndi yaying’ono, ndipo pampu yamafuta imafunika mphamvu yochepa kwambiri. M'mainjini owuma a sump, komabe, mphamvu yamafuta amtunduwu iyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri. Ndipo kukula kwa mpope wamafuta ndikokuliraponso kuposa mpope wamafuta wa injini yonyowa ya sump. Chifukwa chake, pampu yamafuta imafunikira mphamvu zambiri panthawiyi. Izi zili ngati injini yochulukirachulukira, mpope wamafuta uyenera kuwononga mphamvu ya injiniyo. Makamaka pa liwiro lapamwamba, pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, mphamvu yosuntha ya mbali zowonongeka imawonjezeka, ndipo mafuta ambiri amafunikira kuti azipaka mafuta, kotero kuti pampu yamafuta imayenera kupereka mphamvu zambiri, komanso kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya crankshaft kumakulitsidwa.
Mwachiwonekere, kupanga koteroko sikuli koyenera kwa injini zamtundu wamba, chifukwa zimafunika kutaya gawo la mphamvu ya injini, zomwe sizimangokhudza mphamvu yamagetsi, komanso sizithandiza kupititsa patsogolo chuma. Chifukwa chake, sump youma imangokhala ndi ma injini akulu othamangitsidwa kapena amphamvu kwambiri, monga magalimoto amasewera omwe amabadwira kuyendetsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Lamborghini amatengera kapangidwe ka mafuta owuma sump. Kwa izo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera mphamvu yamafuta pamalire ndikupeza malo otsika amphamvu yokoka, ndipo kutaya mphamvu kumatha kulipidwa ndikuwonjezera kusamuka ndi zina. Ponena za chuma Kugonana ndi chinthu chomwe chitsanzochi sichiyenera kuganizira konse.
Kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza
Pampu ya jekeseni yamafuta ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la jenereta ya dizilo, ndipo momwe ntchito yake imakhudzira mphamvu, chuma ndi kudalirika kwa jenereta ya dizilo. Kukonzekera koyenera ndikofunikira kuti pampu yojambulira mafuta igwire ntchito bwino ndikutalikitsa moyo wake wautumiki. Zotsatirazi "zinthu khumi" zikukuphunzitsani momwe mungasungire mpope wa jekeseni wamafuta a jenereta ya dizilo:
1. Kusunga bwino zida za mpope wa jakisoni wamafuta.
Chophimba cham'mbali cha thupi la mpope, choyikapo mafuta, pulagi yothira mafuta (zopumira), valavu yotayira mafuta, pulagi ya dziwe lamafuta, zomangira zamafuta, bawuti yokonzera pampu yamafuta, ndi zina zotere. Zowonjezera izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito pampu yojambulira mafuta. udindo wofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, chivundikiro cham'mbali chingalepheretse kulowerera kwa zonyansa monga fumbi ndi madzi, chopumira (chokhala ndi fyuluta) chingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, ndipo valavu yotulutsa mafuta imatsimikizira kuti dongosolo la mafuta liri ndi mphamvu inayake ndipo limachita. osalowa mumlengalenga. Choncho, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa kukonza zipangizozi, ndikuzikonza kapena kuzisintha panthawi yake ngati zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka.
2. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mtundu wake mu dziwe lamafuta a pampu ya jekeseni wamafuta akukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Musanayambe jenereta ya dizilo, kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mafuta pampopi yojambulira mafuta ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi iliyonse (kupatula pampu ya jekeseni yomwe imakakamizika kudzoza ndi injini) kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuchuluka kwamafuta ndikokwanira komanso kokwanira. khalidwe ndi labwino. Kupanda kutero, zipangitsa kuti plunger ndi ma valve otulutsa mafuta aziyamba kutha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ya dizilo ikhale yopanda mphamvu, kuvutikira kuyambitsa, ndipo pakavuta kwambiri, dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri la plunger ndi ma valve otulutsa mafuta. Chifukwa cha kutayikira kwamkati kwa mpope wamafuta, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa valavu yotulutsa mafuta, kuvala kwa tappet ndi posungira pampu yotumizira mafuta, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mphete yosindikizira, mafuta a dizilo amatsikira mu dziwe lamafuta ndikuchepetsa mafuta. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake molingana ndi mtundu wamafuta. Tanki imatsukidwa bwino kuti ichotse matope ndi zonyansa zina pansi pa thanki yamafuta, apo ayi mafuta amatha kuwonongeka pakangopita nthawi yochepa. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka kapena kochepa. Mafuta ochulukirapo mwa bwanamkubwa amatha kuyambitsa "kuthamanga" kwa injini ya dizilo. Mafuta ochepa kwambiri amachititsa kuti mafuta azikhala ochepa. Chitsulo cha mafuta kapena chopopera mafuta chidzakhalapo. Komanso, pamene injini dizilo si ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, m`pofunika kufufuza ngati pali zosafunika monga madzi ndi dizilo mafuta mu mafuta mu mafuta mpope mafuta dziwe. Zidutswa za dzimbiri zinakanidwa ndi kuchotsedwa.
3. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha mafuta a silinda iliyonse ya pampu ya jekeseni.
Chifukwa cha kuvala kwa plunger coupler ndi valve valve coupler, kutayikira kwamkati kwa mafuta a dizilo kumapangitsa kuti mafuta a silinda iliyonse achepe kapena kusafanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto loyambitsa injini ya dizilo, kuchepa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwamafuta. , ndi ntchito yosakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pafupipafupi ndikusintha kuchuluka kwamafuta a silinda iliyonse ya pampu ya jekeseni yamafuta kuti muwonetsetse kuti mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo ikugwira ntchito. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kuchuluka kwamafuta a silinda iliyonse kungadziwike poyang'ana utsi wotuluka wa jenereta ya dizilo, kumvera kumveka kwa injini, komanso kukhudza kutentha kwa utsi wambiri.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito mapaipi amafuta othamanga kwambiri.
Panthawi yoperekera mafuta pampu ya jekeseni wamafuta, chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa mafuta a dizilo komanso kusungunuka kwa chitoliro chamafuta othamanga kwambiri, mafuta a dizilo othamanga kwambiri amapanga kusinthasintha kwa chitoliro, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti zitheke. kuthamanga kwa funde kufalitsa mu chitoliro. Kuchuluka kwake ndi yunifolomu, injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo utali ndi m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro cha mafuta othamanga kwambiri amasankhidwa pambuyo powerengera. Choncho, pamene chitoliro chamafuta chothamanga kwambiri cha silinda inayake chawonongeka, chitoliro chamafuta chautali wokhazikika ndi m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chiyenera kusinthidwa. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi ena amafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake, mosasamala kanthu kuti kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake kwa mapaipi amafuta ndi ofanana, kotero kuti kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake kwa mapaipi amafuta ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi, zitha kupangitsa kuti silindayo ikhale ndi mafuta. Kusintha kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta kumapangitsa kuti makina onse azigwira ntchito mosakhazikika, chifukwa chake chitoliro chokhazikika chamafuta chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Yang'anani nthawi zonse kusindikiza kwa valve coupler pamakina.
Pampu ya jekeseni yamafuta ikagwira ntchito kwakanthawi, poyang'ana momwe valavu yotulutsira mafuta imasindikizidwa, chigamulo chokhwima chikhoza kupangidwa pakuvala kwa plunger ndi momwe pompu yamafuta imagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapindulitsa kudziwa kukonza ndi kukonza njira. Mukayang'ana, masulani mapaipi amafuta othamanga kwambiri pa silinda iliyonse, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito pampu yamafuta pamanja ya pampu yoperekera mafuta popopa mafuta. Ngati mafuta atuluka m'magulu a mapaipi amafuta pamwamba pa mpope wa jekeseni wa mafuta, zikutanthauza kuti valavu yotulutsira mafuta sichimasindikizidwa bwino (zowonadi, ngati kasupe wa valve wotuluka mafuta wathyoka, zidzateronso Ngati izi zichitika), ngati pali chisindikizo choipa mu multi-cylinder, mpope wa jakisoni wamafuta uyenera kusamalidwa bwino, ndipo chosindikiziracho chiyenera kusinthidwa.
6. Bwezerani plunger yong'ambika ndi ma valve otulutsa mafuta munthawi yake.
Zikadziwika kuti injini ya dizilo ndiyovuta kuyiyambitsa, mphamvu imachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwamafuta kumawonjezeka, ndipo pampu ya jekeseni wamafuta ndi jekeseni wamafuta sizikuwongoleredwa ndikusintha pampu ya jekeseni wamafuta, chopopera chopopera jekeseni ndi mafuta. valve yotuluka iyenera kupasuka ndikuyang'aniridwa. Ngati plunger ndi valavu yotulutsira mafuta yavala pamlingo wina, iyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi, musaumirire kugwiritsa ntchitonso. Kuvuta kwa injini ya dizilo, kuchuluka kwamafuta, mphamvu zosakwanira ndi zotayika zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuvala kwa zida zolumikizirana zimaposa mtengo wosinthira magawo olumikizirana, ndipo mphamvu ndi chuma cha injini ya dizilo zidzasintha kwambiri pambuyo pakusintha. Zigawo zosintha.
7. Mafuta a dizilo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusefedwa bwino kuti mafuta a dizilo alowe mu mpope wa jekeseni wa mafuta ndi oyera kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, ma jenereta a dizilo ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakusefera kwa dizilo kuposa injini zamafuta. Mafuta a dizilo omwe amakwaniritsa magiredi ofunikira ayenera kusankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo amayenera kutenthedwa kwa maola osachepera 48. Limbitsani kuyeretsa ndi kukonza fyuluta ya dizilo, kuyeretsa kapena kusintha zinthu zosefera munthawi yake; yeretsani thanki ya dizilo mu nthawi molingana ndi momwe malo ogwirira ntchito amagwirira ntchito, chotsani bwino matope ndi chinyezi pansi pa thanki yamafuta, ndipo zonyansa zilizonse mu dizilo zidzakhudza plunger ya mpope yojambulira mafuta ndi kutulutsa kwamafuta. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kuvala kwa ma valve couplers ndi magawo opatsirana.
8. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha momwe mafuta amaperekera pasadakhale ngodya ya mpope yojambulira mafuta ndi nthawi yoperekera mafuta pa silinda iliyonse.
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwa mabawuti olumikizirana komanso kuvala kwa camshaft ndi ziwalo za thupi lodzigudubuza, njira yoperekera mafuta ndi gawo lapakati pa silinda iliyonse imasinthidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyaka kwa dizilo kuipiraipira, ndipo mphamvu ndi chuma cha injini ya dizilo. Kuchitako kumawonongeka, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimakhala zovuta kuyamba, kusakhazikika pakugwira ntchito, phokoso lachilendo komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, madalaivala ambiri amalabadira kuyang'anira ndikusintha kwanthawi yayitali yoperekera mafuta, koma kunyalanyaza kuyang'anira ndikusintha kwanthawi yoperekera mafuta (kuphatikiza kusintha kwapampu imodzi yamafuta oyambira). Komabe, chifukwa cha kuvala kwa ma camshafts ndi zida zotumizira zodzigudubuza, kutulutsa kwamafuta kwa ma silinda otsala sikungotengera nthawi, zomwe zingayambitsenso zovuta kuyambitsa injini ya dizilo, mphamvu yosakwanira, komanso magwiridwe antchito osakhazikika, makamaka pampu ya jekeseni wamafuta. zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Akuti chidwi chochulukirapo chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwunika ndikusintha kwanthawi yayitali yoperekera mafuta.
9. Kufufuza nthawi zonse chilolezo cha camshaft.
Chilolezo cha axial cha camshaft cha pampu ya jekeseni yamafuta ndizovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0.03 ndi 0.15mm. Ngati chilolezocho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chidzakulitsa mphamvu ya magawo otumizira odzigudubuza pamalo ogwirira ntchito a cam, potero kuonjezera kuvala koyambirira kwa cam pamwamba ndikusintha koperekera. Mafuta ofunikira; The camshaft yokhala ndi shaft ndi ma radial clearance ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zomwe ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti camshaft iyende mosagwirizana, lever yosinthira mafuta imagwedezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwamafuta kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa injini ya dizilo kukhala yosakhazikika, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira fufuzani ndikusintha nthawi zonse. Pamene chilolezo cha axial cha camshaft ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ma shims akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mbali zonse kuti asinthe. Ngati chilolezo cha radial ndi chachikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusintha chatsopanocho.
10. Yang'anani nthawi zonse kuvala kwa makiyi oyenera ndi kukonza mabawuti.
Makiyi oyenera ndi mabawuti makamaka amatanthauza makiyi a camshaft, kuphatikiza makiyi a flange (mapampu amafuta omwe amatumiza mphamvu ndi zolumikizira), makiyi a semicircular ndi mabawuti olumikiza. The camshaft keyway, flange keyway ndi semicircular key pampu ya jekeseni wa mafuta akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo kuwala kwatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti keyway ikhale yotakata, fungulo la semicircular silinakhazikitsidwe molimba, ndi kutsogolo kwa mafuta. kusintha kopereka; zikavuta kwambiri, makiyi amazimitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kutumiza mphamvu. , kotero ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndikukonza kapena kusintha zida zakale munthawi yake.
Kusamalitsa
Zolimbikitsa Dizilo
1. O-ring ya jekeseni yawonongeka;
2. Osauka atomization wa jekeseni, kudontha mafuta;
3. Kuyika kolakwika kwa jekeseni;
4. O-ring siinalowe m'malo pamene jekeseni idabwezeretsedwanso.
Kusungirako kwa jenereta ya Cummins kuyenera kulabadira:
1) Malo osungiramo tanki yamafuta ayenera kukhala otetezeka kuteteza moto. Tanki yamafuta kapena ng'oma yamafuta iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo owonekera okha, kutali ndi jenereta ya dizilo, ndipo ndikoletsedwa kotheratu kusuta.
2) Mphamvu yamafuta mu thanki yamafuta iyenera kuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwatsiku ndi tsiku.
3) tanki yamafuta ikayikidwa, mafuta apamwamba kwambiri sangakhale opitilira 2.5 metres pamwamba pa tsinde la jenereta ya dizilo. Ngati mulingo wamafuta wa malo osungiramo mafuta ndi wapamwamba kuposa 2.5 metres, tanki yamafuta yatsiku ndi tsiku iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati pa malo osungiramo mafuta akuluakulu ndi unit kuti pakhale kukakamiza kwa kutumiza mafuta mwachindunji. Osapitirira 2.5 metres. Ngakhale injini ya dizilo itazimitsidwa, mafutawo saloledwa kulowa mu injini ya dizilo kudzera munjira yolowera mafuta kapena jekeseni wamafuta ndi mphamvu yokoka.
4) Kukaniza padoko lamafuta sikuloledwa kupitilira mtengo womwe wafotokozedwa pamapepala onse a injini ya dizilo mukamagwiritsa ntchito chosefera choyera. Kukana kumeneku kumachokera pa theka la mafuta mu thanki yamafuta.
5) Kukana kubweza kwamafuta kuyenera kusapitilira zomwe zili patsamba lantchito ya injini ya dizilo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
6) Kulumikizana kwa payipi yobwerera kwamafuta sikuyenera kuchititsa kuti mafunde agwedezeke papaipi yamafuta.
