chonyowa
Madzi Onyowa
poto yamafuta
Magalimoto ambiri omwe akupezeka pamsika ndi ma pani amafuta onyowa. Chifukwa chomwe amatchulidwira kuti ma pani amafuta onyowa ndichakuti crankshaft ya crankshaft ndi mbali yaikulu ya ndodo yolumikizira ya injini zimamizidwa mu mafuta odzola a poto yamafuta kamodzi kokha ka crankshaft ikazungulira. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwa crankshaft, nthawi iliyonse crankshaft ikamizidwa mu dziwe lamafuta pa liwiro lalikulu, mafuta ena opopera ndi utsi wamafuta zimadzutsidwa kuti ziume crankshaft ndi bush yonyamula, yomwe imatchedwa lubrication ya splash. Mwanjira imeneyi, pali zofunikira zina za mulingo wamadzimadzi wa mafuta odzola mu poto yamafuta. Ngati ndi yotsika kwambiri, crankshaft ya crankshaft ndi mbali yaikulu ya ndodo yolumikizira sizingamizidwa mu mafuta odzola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti crankshaft yosalala, ndodo yolumikizira ndi bush yonyamula. Ngati mafuta opaka mafuta ali okwera kwambiri, bearing idzamizidwa mu zonse, zomwe zidzawonjezera kukana kwa crankshaft kuzungulira, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a injini achepe.
Njira yopaka mafuta yamtunduwu ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta ndipo siifuna thanki yowonjezera yamafuta, koma kupendekera kwa galimoto sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, apo ayi ingayambitse ngozi ya silinda yamafuta chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mafuta ndi kutayikira kwa mafuta.
youma
Sumpu Youma
Ma sump owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini ambiri othamanga. Sisunga mafuta mu sump, makamaka, palibe sump yamafuta. Malo okangana a mayendedwe awa mu crankcase amathiridwa mafuta pokanikiza mafuta kudzera mu denga limodzi ndi limodzi. Popeza injini ya sump yowuma imaletsa ntchito yosungira mafuta mu sump yamafuta, kutalika kwa sump yamafuta osakonzedwa kumachepa kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwa injini kumachepanso. Ubwino waukulu ndikuti imapewa zochitika zoyipa za sump yonyowa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa choyendetsa mwamphamvu.
Komabe, mphamvu yonse ya mafuta opaka mafuta imachokera ku pampu yamafuta. Mphamvu ya pampu yamafuta imalumikizidwa ndi magiya kudzera mu kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Ngakhale mu injini ya sump yonyowa, pampu yamafuta imafunikanso kuti ipereke mafuta opaka mphamvu pa camshaft. Koma mphamvuyi ndi yaying'ono, ndipo pampu yamafuta imafunikira mphamvu yochepa kwambiri. Komabe, mu injini za sump youma, mphamvu ya mafuta opaka mphamvu iyi iyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri. Ndipo kukula kwa pampu yamafuta nakonso ndi kwakukulu kuposa pampu yamafuta ya injini ya sump yonyowa. Chifukwa chake, pampu yamafuta imafunikira mphamvu zambiri panthawiyi. Izi zili ngati injini yodzaza mphamvu, pampu yamafuta imafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ina ya injini. Makamaka pa liwiro lalikulu, pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, mphamvu yoyenda ya zigawo zokangana imawonjezeka, ndipo mafuta ambiri amafunika kuti mafuta azitha kupakidwa, kotero pampu yamafuta imafunika kupereka mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya crankshaft kumawonjezekanso.
Mwachionekere, kapangidwe kotere sikoyenera injini wamba zamagalimoto wamba, chifukwa kamafunika kutaya gawo la mphamvu ya injini, zomwe sizimangokhudza mphamvu yotulutsa yokha, komanso sizingathandize kukonza chuma. Chifukwa chake, sump youma imakhala ndi injini zazikulu zosunthika kapena zamphamvu kwambiri, monga magalimoto amasewera omwe amabadwira kuyendetsa mwamphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, Lamborghini imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka sump youma yamafuta. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza mphamvu ya mafuta pamalire ndikupeza malo otsika a mphamvu yokoka, ndipo kutayika kwa mphamvu kumatha kulipidwa powonjezera kusunthika ndi zina. Ponena za chuma Kugonana ndi chinthu chomwe chitsanzochi sichiyenera kuganizira konse.
Kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza
Pompu yothira mafuta ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la makina operekera mafuta a jenereta ya dizilo, ndipo momwe imagwirira ntchito zimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu, ndalama, komanso kudalirika kwa jenereta ya dizilo. Kusamalira bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pampu yothira mafuta igwire ntchito bwino komanso kuti ipitirize kugwira ntchito. "Zinthu khumi" zotsatirazi zimakuphunzitsani momwe mungasamalire pampu yothira mafuta ya jenereta ya dizilo:
1. Kusamalira bwino zowonjezera za pampu yopangira mafuta.
Chophimba cham'mbali cha thupi la pampu, chopukutira mafuta, chopukutira mafuta (chopumira), valavu yothira mafuta, chopukutira mafuta cha dziwe la mafuta, chopukutira mafuta, botolo lokhazikitsa pampu ya mafuta, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kusungidwa bwino. Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa pampu yopangira mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, chopukutira cham'mbali chingalepheretse kulowerera kwa zinthu zodetsa monga fumbi ndi madzi, chopukutira (chokhala ndi fyuluta) chingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, ndipo valavu yodzaza mafuta imaonetsetsa kuti dongosolo la mafuta lili ndi mphamvu inayake ndipo sililowa mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa kusamalira zidazi, ndikuzikonza kapena kuzisintha pakapita nthawi ngati zawonongeka kapena kutayika.
2. Nthawi zonse onani ngati kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mafuta omwe ali mu dziwe la mafuta la pampu yopangira mafuta akukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Musanayambe jenereta ya dizilo, kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mafuta omwe ali mu pampu yopangira mafuta ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi iliyonse (kupatula pampu yopangira mafuta yomwe injini imakakamizidwa kuti ipereke mafuta) kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa mafutawo ndi kokwanira komanso kuti mtundu wake ndi wabwino. Kupanda kutero, izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa plunger ndi valve yotulutsira mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ya dizilo ikhale ndi mphamvu yochepa, kuvutika kuyambika, komanso pazochitika zoopsa, dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri la plunger ndi valve yotulutsira mafuta. Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa mkati kwa pampu ya mafuta, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa valavu yotulutsira mafuta, kuwonongeka kwa tappet ndi kabati ka pampu yotumizira mafuta, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mphete yotsekera, mafuta a dizilo adzalowa mu dziwe la mafuta ndikuchepetsa mafuta. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi malinga ndi mtundu wa mafuta. Thankiyo imatsukidwa bwino kuti ichotse matope ndi zonyansa zina pansi pa thanki ya mafuta, apo ayi mafuta adzawonongeka pakapita nthawi yochepa yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka kapena kochepa kwambiri. Mafuta ochulukirapo mu governor angayambitse "kuthamanga" kwa injini ya dizilo. Mafuta ochepa kwambiri angayambitse mafuta osayenera. Chotsukira mafuta kapena sikulufu ya mafuta iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, injini ya dizilo ikapanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuwona ngati pali zinyalala monga madzi ndi mafuta a dizilo mu mafuta omwe ali mu dziwe la mafuta opopera mafuta. Zidutswa za dzimbiri zimamatira ndikutayidwa.
3. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha mafuta a silinda iliyonse ya pampu yopangira mafuta.
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira cha plunger ndi cholumikizira cha valve chotulutsira mafuta, kutuluka kwa mafuta a dizilo mkati mwake kudzapangitsa kuti mafuta a silinda iliyonse achepe kapena asafanane, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ya dizilo ikhale yovuta kuyambitsa, mphamvu zosakwanira, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndikusintha mafuta a silinda iliyonse ya pampu yopangira mafuta kuti muwonetsetse kuti mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo ikugwira ntchito bwino. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a silinda iliyonse kumatha kudziwika powona utsi wa jenereta ya dizilo, kumvetsera phokoso la injini, ndikukhudza kutentha kwa manifold otulutsa utsi.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito mapaipi amafuta okhazikika okhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu.
Pa nthawi yopereka mafuta pa pampu yolowetsa mafuta, chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa mafuta a dizilo komanso kulimba kwa chitoliro cha mafuta champhamvu, mafuta a dizilo amphamvu kwambiri amapanga kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu chitoliro, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti mafunde a mpweya atuluke mu chitolirocho. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kofanana, injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro cha mafuta champhamvu kwambiri zimasankhidwa pambuyo powerengera. Chifukwa chake, chitoliro cha mafuta champhamvu kwambiri cha silinda inayake chikawonongeka, chitoliro cha mafuta cha kutalika koyenera ndi m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chiyenera kusinthidwa. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapaipi okhazikika amafuta, mapaipi ena amafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake, mosasamala kanthu kuti kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake wa mapaipi amafuta ndi ofanana, kotero kuti kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake wa mapaipi amafuta ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakagwa ngozi, idzapangitsa kuti silinda ipereke mafuta. Kusintha kwa ngodya yotsogola ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumapangitsa kuti makina onse azigwira ntchito mosasunthika, kotero chitoliro cha mafuta champhamvu kwambiri chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Yang'anani nthawi zonse momwe cholumikizira ma valve chilili pa makina.
Pambuyo poti pampu yothira mafuta yagwira ntchito kwa nthawi ndithu, poyang'ana momwe valavu yotulutsira mafuta imagwirira ntchito, chigamulo chokhwima chingapangidwe pa kusweka kwa chotulutsira mafuta ndi momwe phala la mafuta limagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa njira yokonza ndi kukonza. Mukayang'ana, tsegulani mapaipi amafuta amphamvu kwambiri a silinda iliyonse, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu yamafuta yamanja ya pampu yotumizira mafuta kupompa mafuta. Ngati mafuta atuluka m'mapaipi amafuta pamwamba pa pampu yothira mafuta, zikutanthauza kuti valavu yotulutsira mafuta sinatsekedwe bwino (zachidziwikire, ngati kasupe wa valavu yotulutsira mafuta wasweka, nayenso ngati izi zitachitika), ngati pali chisindikizo choipa mu silinda yambiri, pampu yotulutsira mafuta iyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndikusamalidwa, ndipo cholumikiziracho chiyenera kusinthidwa.
6. Sinthani plunger yosweka ndi valavu yotulutsira mafuta pakapita nthawi.
Zikapezeka kuti injini ya dizilo ndi yovuta kuyiyambitsa, mphamvu imachepa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumawonjezeka, ndipo pompu yopangira mafuta ndi chojambulira mafuta sizikusinthabe posintha pompu yopangira mafuta, chojambulira mafuta ndi valavu yotulutsira mafuta ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa. Ngati chojambulira ndi valavu yotulutsira mafuta zawonongeka pamlingo winawake, ziyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi, musaumirire kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito. Mavuto oyambitsa injini ya dizilo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri, mphamvu yosakwanira ndi zina zomwe zimatayika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zolumikizira zimaposa mtengo wosinthira zigawo zolumikizira, ndipo mphamvu ndi ndalama za injini ya dizilo zidzasintha kwambiri mutasintha. Zigawo zosinthira.
7. Mafuta a dizilo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusefedwa bwino kuti mafuta a dizilo omwe akulowa mu pampu yopangira mafuta akhale oyera kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, majenereta a dizilo ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakusefa dizilo kuposa injini zamafuta. Mafuta a dizilo omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira ayenera kusankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo ayenera kusungidwa kwa maola osachepera 48. Limbikitsani kuyeretsa ndi kusamalira fyuluta ya dizilo, yeretsani kapena kusintha fyulutayo pakapita nthawi; yeretsani thanki ya dizilo pakapita nthawi malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, chotsani bwino matope ndi chinyezi pansi pa thanki yamafuta, ndipo zonyansa zilizonse mu dizilo zidzakhudza plunger ya pampu yopangira mafuta ndi mafuta otuluka. Dzimbiri lalikulu kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma valve couplers ndi magawo otumizira.
8. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha ngodya yoyambira ya mafuta ya pampu yopangira mafuta ndi ngodya yoyambira ya mafuta ya silinda iliyonse.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa cha kumasuka kwa mabotolo olumikizira ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za thupi la camshaft ndi roller, ngodya yotsogola ya mafuta ndi ngodya yolumikizira mafuta ya silinda iliyonse nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyaka kwa dizilo kukhala koyipa, komanso mphamvu ndi ndalama za injini ya dizilo. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kamachepa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zimakhala zovuta kuyamba, kusakhazikika pakugwira ntchito, phokoso losazolowereka komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, madalaivala ambiri amasamala za kuwunika ndi kusintha ngodya yonse yolumikizira mafuta, koma amanyalanyaza kuwunika ndi kusintha ngodya yolumikizira mafuta (yomwe imaphatikizapo kusintha ngodya yolumikizira mafuta ya pampu imodzi). Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa camshafts ndi zigawo zotumizira ma roller, mafuta a masilinda otsala si nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zingayambitsenso kuvutika kuyambitsa injini ya dizilo, mphamvu yosakwanira, komanso kusakhazikika kwa ntchito, makamaka pa pampu yolowetsa mafuta yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Akuti chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwunika ndi kusintha ngodya yolumikizira mafuta.
9. Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse malo olowera a camshaft.
Kutuluka kwa axial kwa camshaft ya pampu yopangira mafuta ndi kokhwima kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0.03 ndi 0.15mm. Ngati kutuluka kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kudzawonjezera mphamvu ya magawo otumizira ma roller pamalo ogwirira ntchito a cam, motero kumawonjezera kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa pamwamba pa cam ndikusintha mphamvu. Ngodya yotsogola yamafuta; Shaft yokhala ndi camshaft ndi malo ozungulira ndi akulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti camshaft iziyenda mosagwirizana, lever yosinthira voliyumu yamafuta imagwedezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ya dizilo isayende bwino, kotero ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndikusintha nthawi zonse. Ngati kutuluka kwa axial kwa camshaft kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, ma shim amatha kuwonjezeredwa mbali zonse ziwiri kuti asinthidwe. Ngati kutuluka kwa radial kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kusintha chinthu chatsopanocho.
10. Yang'anani nthawi zonse kuwonongeka kwa makiyi oyenera ndi mabotolo omangira.
Ma keyway ndi mabolts ofunikira makamaka amatanthauza ma keyway a camshaft, ma coupling flange keyways (mapampu amafuta omwe amatumiza mphamvu ndi ma couplings), ma semicircular key ndi ma coupling fixing bolts. Ma keyway a camshaft, flange keyway ndi semicircular key a pampu yopangira mafuta akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ma lights amawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti keyway ikhale yayikulu, ma semicircular key sayikidwa bwino, ndipo ngodya yotsogola ya mafuta imasintha; pakakhala vuto lalikulu, kiyi imagubuduzika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi alephereke. , kotero ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndikukonza kapena kusintha zida zosweka pakapita nthawi.
Kusamalitsa
Zolimbikitsa za Dizilo
1. Mphete ya O-ring ya injector yawonongeka;
2. Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa injector, mafuta akutuluka;
3. Kuyika kosayenera kwa injector;
4. Mphete ya O sinasinthidwe pamene injector inabwezeretsedwanso.
Malo osungira jenereta ya Cummins ayenera kulabadira izi:
1) Malo osungiramo thanki yamafuta ayenera kukhala otetezeka kuti asapse. Thanki yamafuta kapena ng'oma yamafuta iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo owoneka okha, kutali ndi jenereta ya dizilo, ndipo ndi zoletsedwa kusuta.
2) Kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki yamafuta kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akupezeka tsiku lililonse.
3) Pambuyo poti thanki yamafuta yayikidwa, mafuta ambiri sangakhale okwera kuposa mamita 2.5 pamwamba pa maziko a jenereta ya dizilo. Ngati mafuta ambiri a malo osungira mafuta akuluakulu ali okwera kuposa mamita 2.5, thanki yamafuta ya tsiku ndi tsiku iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati pa malo osungira mafuta akuluakulu ndi chipangizocho kuti mafuta aperekedwe mwachindunji. Osapitirira mamita 2.5. Ngakhale injini ya dizilo itazimitsidwa, mafutawo saloledwa kulowa mu injini ya dizilo kudzera mu mzere wolowera mafuta kapena mzere wolowetsa mafuta ndi mphamvu yokoka.
4) Kukana kwa mafuta pa doko la mafuta sikuloledwa kupitirira mtengo womwe wafotokozedwa pa mapepala onse a data performance engine engine pogwiritsa ntchito clean fyuluta element. Kukana kumeneku kumachokera pa theka la mafuta omwe ali mu thanki yamafuta.
5) Kukana kubweza mafuta sikuyenera kupitirira zomwe zili patsamba la deta ya magwiridwe antchito a injini ya dizilo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
6) Kulumikizana kwa payipi yobweza mafuta sikuyenera kuyambitsa mafunde ogwedezeka mu payipi yamafuta.
