Kugulitsa mwachindunji kwa fakitale SAIC MAXUS V80 C00014713 Piston Ring-92MM

Chidziwitso cha zinthu

Mphete ya Pistoni ndi mphete yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsa mu mpata wa pistoni. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mphete za pistoni: mphete yokakamiza ndi mphete yamafuta. Mphete yokakamiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka chisakanizo choyaka mu chipinda choyaka; mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukanda mafuta ochulukirapo kuchokera mu silinda.

Mphete ya pistoni ndi mphete yolimba yachitsulo yokhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwakunja, komwe kumasonkhanitsidwa mu mtsempha wozungulira wofanana ndi gawo lopingasa. Mphete za pistoni zobwerezabwereza ndi kuzungulira zimadalira kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya mpweya kapena madzi kuti apange chisindikizo pakati pa pamwamba pakunja kozungulira kwa mphete ndi silinda ndi mbali imodzi ya mphete ndi mtsempha wozungulira.

Mphete za pistoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina osiyanasiyana amphamvu, monga injini za nthunzi, injini za dizilo, injini za petulo, ma compressor, makina a hydraulic, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto, sitima, zombo, ma yacht, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri, mphete ya pistoni imayikidwa mu mzere wa pistoni, ndipo imapanga chipinda chokhala ndi pistoni, silinda, mutu wa silinda ndi zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito.

kufunika

Mphete ya pistoni ndiye chinthu chachikulu mkati mwa injini yamafuta, chomwe chimamaliza kutseka mpweya wamafuta pamodzi ndi silinda, pistoni, khoma la silinda, ndi zina zotero. Mainjini a magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi injini za dizilo ndi petulo. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana amafuta, mphete za pistoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nazonso ndizosiyana. Mphete zoyambirira za pistoni zidapangidwa ndi kuponyera, koma ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, mphete za pistoni zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zidabadwa. , ndipo ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi zofunikira zachilengedwe, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba zochizira pamwamba, monga kupopera kutentha, electroplating, chrome plating, gas nitriding, physical deposition, surface coating, zinc-manganese phosphating, ndi zina zotero, Ntchito ya mphete ya pistoni imakula kwambiri.

Ntchito

Ntchito za mphete ya pistoni zimaphatikizapo ntchito zinayi: kutseka, kuwongolera mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta), kuyendetsa kutentha (kusamutsa kutentha), ndi kutsogolera (kuthandizira). Kutseka: kumatanthauza kutseka mpweya, kuletsa mpweya womwe uli m'chipinda choyaka kuti usatuluke mu crankcase, kuwongolera kutuluka kwa mpweya pang'ono, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha. Kutuluka kwa mpweya sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya injini, komanso kuwononga mafuta, yomwe ndi ntchito yayikulu ya mphete ya mpweya; Sinthani mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta): kupukuta mafuta ochulukirapo pakhoma la silinda, komanso nthawi yomweyo kupangitsa khoma la silinda kukhala lopyapyala. Filimu yopyapyala yamafuta imatsimikizira kuti silinda, pistoni ndi mphete zimapaka mafuta, yomwe ndi ntchito yayikulu ya mphete yamafuta. Mu injini zamakono zothamanga kwambiri, chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku ntchito ya mphete ya pistoni kuwongolera filimu yamafuta; kuyendetsa kutentha: kutentha kwa pistoni kumayendetsedwa ku silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni, kutanthauza kuziziritsa. Malinga ndi deta yodalirika, 70-80% ya kutentha komwe kumalandiridwa ndi pamwamba pa pistoni mu pistoni yosaziziritsidwa kumafalikira kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni kupita ku khoma la silinda, ndipo 30-40% ya pistoni yozizira imatumizidwa ku silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni. Thandizo: Mphete ya pistoni imasunga pistoni mu silinda, imaletsa pistoni kukhudza mwachindunji khoma la silinda, imaonetsetsa kuti pistoni ikuyenda bwino, imachepetsa kukana kukangana, komanso imaletsa pistoni kugwetsa silinda. Kawirikawiri, pistoni ya injini ya petulo imagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri za mpweya ndi mphete imodzi ya mafuta, pomwe injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri za mafuta ndi mphete imodzi ya mpweya. [2]

khalidwe

mphamvu

Mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa mphete ya pistoni ndi monga kupanikizika kwa mpweya, mphamvu yotanuka ya mpheteyo, mphamvu yosasunthika ya kayendedwe ka mpheteyo, kukangana pakati pa mpheteyo ndi silinda ndi mzere wa mpheteyo, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zimenezi, mpheteyo imapanga mayendedwe oyambira monga kuyenda kwa axial, kuyenda kwa radial, ndi kuyenda kozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyenda, pamodzi ndi kuyenda kosasinthasintha, mphete ya pistoni imawonekera mosalephera ngati kuyimitsidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa axial, kuyenda kosasinthasintha kwa radial ndi kugwedezeka, kuyenda kopotoka, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyenda kosasinthasintha kwa axial. Kuyenda kosasinthasintha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumalepheretsa mphete za pistoni kugwira ntchito. Popanga mphete ya pistoni, ndikofunikira kupereka mphamvu yonse ku kayendedwe koyenera ndikuwongolera mbali yosasangalatsa.

kutentha kwa mpweya

Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuyaka kumapita ku khoma la silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni, kotero kumatha kuziziritsa pistoni. Kutentha komwe kumafalikira ku khoma la silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni nthawi zambiri kumatha kufika 30 mpaka 40% ya kutentha komwe kumayamwa pamwamba pa pistoni.

kulimba kwa mpweya

Ntchito yoyamba ya mphete ya pistoni ndikusunga chisindikizo pakati pa pistoni ndi khoma la silinda komanso kuwongolera kutayikira kwa mpweya pang'ono. Udindo uwu umachitika makamaka ndi mphete ya gasi, ndiko kuti, pansi pa mikhalidwe iliyonse yogwirira ntchito ya injini, kutayikira kwa mpweya wopanikizika ndi gasi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti kuwonjezere mphamvu ya kutentha; kupewa kutayikira pakati pa silinda ndi pistoni kapena pakati pa silinda ndi mphete. Kugwira; kupewa kulephera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mafuta opaka, ndi zina zotero.

Kulamulira mafuta

Ntchito yachiwiri ya mphete ya pistoni ndikuchotsa bwino mafuta opaka omwe ali pakhoma la silinda ndikusunga mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Mafuta opaka omwe amaperekedwa akachuluka kwambiri, amalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto, zomwe zidzawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndipo zidzakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a injini chifukwa cha mpweya woipa womwe umapangidwa ndi kuyaka.

Wothandizira

Popeza pisitoni ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa mainchesi amkati mwa silinda, ngati palibe mphete ya pisitoni, pisitoni imakhala yosakhazikika mu silinda ndipo singayende momasuka. Nthawi yomweyo, mpheteyo imalepheretsanso pisitoni kukhudza silinda mwachindunji ndipo imagwira ntchito yothandizira. Chifukwa chake, mphete ya pisitoni imakwera ndi kutsika mu silinda, ndipo pamwamba pake potsetsereka pamakhala kunyamulidwa kwathunthu ndi mpheteyo.

Kugawa

Ndi kapangidwe kake

A. Kapangidwe ka monolithic: kudzera mu njira yopangira kapena yopangira zinthu zonse.

b. Mphete yosakanikirana: Mphete ya pistoni yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu mpata wa mphete.

c. Mphete yamafuta yokhala ndi mipata: mphete yamafuta yokhala ndi mbali zofanana, malo awiri olumikizirana ndi mabowo obwerera mafuta.

D. Mphete ya mafuta ya kasupe wozungulira: onjezani mphete ya mafuta ya kasupe wozungulira ...

E. Mphete yamafuta yophatikizana ndi lamba wachitsulo: mphete yamafuta yokhala ndi mphete yamkati ndi mphete ziwiri zokokera. Kapangidwe ka mphete yakumbuyo kamasiyana malinga ndi wopanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mphete za injini ya petulo.

Mawonekedwe a gawo

Mphete ya chidebe, mphete ya koni, mphete yopindika ya chamfer yamkati, mphete ya wedge ndi mphete ya trapezoid, mphete ya mphuno, mphete yopindika ya phewa lakunja, mphete yopindika ya chamfer yamkati, mphete yamafuta ophatikizika achitsulo, mphete yamafuta osiyanasiyana a chamfer, mphete yofanana ya chamfer yamafuta, mphete yamafuta achitsulo, mphete yamafuta achitsulo, mphete yamafuta achitsulo, ndi zina zotero.

Ndi zinthu

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chitsulo.

chithandizo cha pamwamba

Mphete ya nitride: Kulimba kwa gawo la nitride kuli pamwamba pa 950HV, kufooka kwake ndi kalasi 1, ndipo kuli ndi kukana bwino kuvulala komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mphete yophimbidwa ndi Chrome: Gawo lophimbidwa ndi Chrome ndi labwino, lopapatiza komanso losalala, lolimba kuposa 850HV, kukana bwino kwambiri kuvulala, komanso ma cracks ang'onoang'ono odutsa, zomwe zimathandiza kusungira mafuta opaka. Mphete ya Phosphating: Kudzera mu mankhwala, filimu ya phosphating imapangidwa pamwamba pa mphete ya piston, yomwe imagwira ntchito yotsutsana ndi dzimbiri pa chinthucho komanso imathandizira kuti mpheteyo igwire bwino ntchito. Mphete ya Oxidation: Pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso oxidant wamphamvu, filimu ya oxide imapangidwa pamwamba pa zinthu zachitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri, mafuta oletsa kupsinjika komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Pali PVD ndi zina zotero.

malinga ndi ntchito

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mphete za pistoni: mphete ya gasi ndi mphete ya mafuta. Ntchito ya mphete ya gasi ndikuonetsetsa kuti pakati pa pistoni ndi silinda pali chitseko. Zimaletsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wopanikizika kwambiri mu silinda kuti usatuluke mu crankcase wambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapangitsa kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera pamwamba pa pistoni kupita ku khoma la silinda, lomwe limachotsedwa ndi madzi ozizira kapena mpweya.

Mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukanda mafuta ochulukirapo pakhoma la silinda, ndikuphimba filimu yamafuta yofanana pakhoma la silinda, zomwe sizimangoletsa mafuta kulowa mu silinda ndikuyaka, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa pistoni, mphete ya pistoni ndi silinda. [1]

kugwiritsa ntchito

Kuzindikira kwabwino kapena koipa

Malo ogwirira ntchito a mphete ya piston sayenera kukhala ndi mabala, mikwingwirima ndi mapeyala, pamwamba pa cylindrical yakunja ndi pamwamba ndi pansi pakhale kusalala kwina, kupindika kwa kupindika sikuyenera kupitirira 0.02-0.04 mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphete yomwe ili mu groove sikuyenera kupitirira 0.15-0.25 mm, kusinthasintha ndi kutseguka kwa mphete ya piston kukugwirizana ndi malamulo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa kuwala kwa mphete ya piston kuyeneranso kuwonedwa, ndiko kuti, mphete ya piston iyenera kuyikidwa molunjika mu silinda, mfuti yaying'ono yowunikira iyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mphete ya piston, ndipo mbale yophimba iyenera kuyikidwapo, kenako kusiyana kwa kutayikira kwa kuwala pakati pa mphete ya piston ndi khoma la silinda kuyenera kuwonedwa. Izi zikuwonetsa ngati kukhudzana pakati pa mphete ya piston ndi khoma la silinda kuli bwino. Kawirikawiri, kusiyana kwa kutayikira kwa kuwala kwa mphete ya piston kuyenera kupitirira 0.03 mm poyesedwa ndi gauge yokhuthala. Kutalika kwa malo otayikira kuwala kosalekeza sikuyenera kupitirira 1/3 ya m'mimba mwake wa silinda, kutalika kwa malo otayikira kuwala angapo sikuyenera kupitirira 1/3 ya m'mimba mwake wa silinda, ndipo kutalika konse kwa malo otayikira kuwala angapo sikuyenera kupitirira 1/2 ya m'mimba mwake wa silinda, apo ayi, kuyenera kusinthidwa.

malamulo olembera

Chizindikiro cha mphete ya pistoni GB/T 1149.1-94 chimanena kuti mphete zonse za pistoni zomwe zimafuna njira yoyikira ziyenera kulembedwa mbali yakumtunda, ndiko kuti, mbali yomwe ili pafupi ndi chipinda choyaka moto. Mphete zomwe zili mbali yakumtunda zikuphatikizapo: mphete yozungulira, chamfer yamkati, mphete ya tebulo yodulidwa yakunja, mphete yamphuno, mphete ya wedge ndi mphete yamafuta yomwe imafunikira njira yoyikira, ndipo mbali yakumtunda ya mpheteyo ili ndi chizindikiro.

Kusamalitsa

Samalani mukakhazikitsa mphete za pistoni

1) Mphete ya pistoni imayikidwa bwino mu silinda, ndipo payenera kukhala mpata wotsegulira pamalo olumikizirana.

2) Mphete ya pistoni iyenera kuyikidwa pa pistoni, ndipo mu mzera wa mphete, payenera kukhala malo enaake olowera kutalika.

3) Mphete yophimbidwa ndi chrome iyenera kuyikidwa mu njira yoyamba, ndipo potsegulira pake siyenera kuyang'ana mbali ya dzenje la eddy current pamwamba pa pistoni.

4) Mabowo a mphete iliyonse ya pistoni amazunguliridwa ndi kutentha kwa 120°C, ndipo saloledwa kuyang'anizana ndi dzenje la pistoni.

5) Pa mphete za pistoni zokhala ndi gawo lochepetsedwa, pamwamba pake pochepetsedwa payenera kukhala pamwamba panthawi yoyika.

6) Kawirikawiri, mphete yozungulira ikayikidwa, chamfer kapena groove iyenera kukhala mmwamba; mphete yotsutsana ndi kuzungulira ikayikidwa, sungani cone ikuyang'ana mmwamba.

7) Mukayika mphete yolumikizidwa, mphete ya axial lining iyenera kuyikidwa kaye, kenako mphete yathyathyathya ndi mphete ya wave ziyenera kuyikidwa. Mphete yathyathyathya imayikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa mphete ya wave, ndipo malo otseguka a mphete iliyonse ayenera kuzunguliridwa.

Ntchito yazinthu

1. Kukana kuvala

2. Kusungiramo mafuta

3. Kuuma

4. Kukana dzimbiri

5. Mphamvu

6. Kukana kutentha

7. Kutanuka

8. Kudula magwiridwe antchito

Pakati pawo, kukana kuvala ndi kusinthasintha ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zipangizo za mphete za piston za injini ya dizilo zamphamvu kwambiri zimaphatikizapo chitsulo choyera, chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosungunuka, ndi chitsulo chosungunuka cha graphite.

Msonkhano wolumikizira ndodo ya pisitoni

Mfundo zazikulu za kusonkhana kwa gulu la ndodo yolumikizira piston ya jenereta ya dizilo ndi izi:

1. Chogwirira ndodo yolumikizira chogwirizira cha mkuwa. Mukayika chogwirira ndodo yolumikizira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chogwirira kapena chogwirira, ndipo musachimenye ndi nyundo; dzenje la mafuta kapena mpata wa mafuta pa chogwirira ndodo ya mkuwa uyenera kugwirizana ndi dzenje la mafuta pa ndodo yolumikizira kuti zitsimikizire kuti mafuta ake ndi ofewa.

2. Kusonkhanitsa pisitoni ndi ndodo yolumikizira. Mukasonkhanitsa pisitoni ndi ndodo yolumikizira, samalani ndi malo awo komanso momwe akuonekera.

Pini ya pistoni itatu yoyikidwa mwanzeru. Pini ya pistoni ndi dzenje la pini zimalumikizana bwino. Mukayika, choyamba ikani pistoni m'madzi kapena mafuta ndikuyitenthetsa mofanana mpaka 90°C ~ 100°C. Mukayitulutsa, ikani ndodo yomangira pamalo oyenera pakati pa mabowo okhala ndi pini ya pistoni, kenako ikani pini ya pistoni yophimbidwa ndi mafuta m'njira yokonzedweratu. Mu dzenje la pistoni ndi chogwirira cha mkuwa cholumikizira ndodo.

Chachinayi, kuyika mphete ya pistoni. Mukayika mphete za pistoni, samalani ndi malo ndi dongosolo la mphete iliyonse.

Chachisanu, ikani gulu la ndodo yolumikizira.