Zigawo za gulu la crankshaft ya injini
Choyamba, crankshaft
Crankshaft ndi imodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri za injini, ntchito yake ndikupirira kupanikizika kwa mpweya kuchokera ku gulu la ndodo yolumikizira pistoni kupita ku torque ya crankshaft ndi zotuluka zakunja, kuphatikiza apo, crankshaft imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyendetsa makina a valavu ya injini ndi zida zina zothandizira (monga majenereta, mafani, mapampu amadzi, mapampu owongolera mphamvu, makina olumikizira shaft, ndi zina zotero)
Gulu la mawilo othamanga a Crankshaft: 1- pulley; 2- crankshaft timing tooth lamba; 3- crankshaft sprocket; 4- Crankshaft; 5- crankshaft main bearing (pamwamba); 6- Flywheel; 7- Jenereta ya chizindikiro cha Speed sensor; 8, 11- thrust pad; 9- crankshaft main bearing (pansi); 10- crankshaft main bearing cover.
Pamene crankshaft ikugwira ntchito, iyenera kupirira kusintha kwa mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi, mphamvu ya inertial yobwerezabwereza ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal, komanso mphamvu yawo yopindika ndi nthawi yopindika ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, kusinthasintha kosavuta kupindika ndi kupindika, chifukwa chake, crankshaft iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kulimba, kukana kuvala bwino komanso kulinganiza bwino. Crankshaft nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chapakati cha carbon alloy, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala kukonzedwa ndi kuzima kwapamwamba kapena nitriding. Crankshaft ya injini ya Shanghai Santana imapangidwa ndi die forging yapakati ya carbon steel die forging yapamwamba kwambiri. Mainjini a Audi JW ndi Yuchai YC6105QC amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika mtengo, champhamvu kwambiri komanso cholimba kwambiri chokhala ndi kukana kuvala bwino.
1. Kapangidwe ka crankshaft
Chitsulo chamagetsi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mbali yakutsogolo, khosi lalikulu la shaft, crank, cholemera chotsutsana, dayalo lolumikizira ndodo ndi kumbuyo. Chitsulo chamagetsi chimapangidwa ndi dayalo lolumikizira ndodo ndi majenerali ake akuluakulu akumanzere ndi kumanja. Chiwerengero cha crank cha crankshaft chimadalira kuchuluka ndi kapangidwe ka masilinda. Chitsulo chamagetsi cha injini imodzi ya silinda chimakhala ndi crank imodzi yokha; Chiwerengero cha crankshaft ya injini yolumikizidwa ndi yofanana ndi chiwerengero cha masilinda; Chiwerengero cha ma crankshaft mu crankshaft ya injini ya V ndi chofanana ndi theka la chiwerengero cha masilinda. Shaft yakutsogolo ya crankshaft ili ndi pulley, giya la nthawi, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa pampu yamadzi ndi makina a valavu. Khosi la spindle la crankshaft limayikidwa pampando waukulu wonyamula katundu wa silinda ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira crankshaft. Dayalo lolumikizira ndodo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa ndodo yolumikizira, ndipo crank imalumikiza dayalo lalikulu la shaft ndi dayalo lolumikizira ndodo. Pofuna kulinganiza mphamvu ya centrifugal pamene crankshaft ikuzungulira, pali balance block pa crankshaft. Flange yolumikizira imaperekedwa kumapeto kwa crankshaft kuti ilumikize flywheel ku crankshaft ndi mabolts. Kuti mafuta a connecting rod journal, njira yothira mafuta imabowoledwa kuchokera ku main shaft journal kupita ku connecting rod journal. Integral crankshaft ndi yosavuta kupanga, yopepuka kulemera komanso yodalirika kugwira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma plain bearing, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mainjini apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono.
2. Mfundo yoyendetsera crank
Mawonekedwe a crankshaft ndi malo ake ofanana ndi crank iliyonse zimadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa masilinda, kapangidwe ka masilinda ndi dongosolo logwirira ntchito la silinda iliyonse. Pokonza ndondomeko ya ntchito ya injini, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kutsatiridwa momwe angathere:
Pangani masilinda awiri ogwira ntchito mosalekeza kutali momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse katundu wa chogwirira chachikulu, ndikupewa kuchitika kwa ma valve awiri olumikizidwa omwe akutseguka nthawi imodzi panthawi yolowetsa, ndipo chodabwitsa cha "kunyamula mpweya" chimakhudza mphamvu ya injini.
(1) Nthawi yogwirira ntchito Ngodya ya silinda iliyonse iyenera kukhala yofanana kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito. Mkati mwa ngodya ya crankshaft pomwe injini imamaliza kuzungulira kogwirira ntchito, silinda iliyonse iyenera kugwira ntchito kamodzi. Pa injini ya ma stroke anayi yokhala ndi nambala ya silinda i, nthawi yogwirira ntchito Ngodya ndi 720°/i. Ndiye kuti, 720°/i iliyonse ya crankshaft iyenera kukhala ndi silinda yogwirira ntchito kuti iwonetsetse kuti injini ikuyenda bwino.
(2) Ngati ndi injini ya mtundu wa V, mizati yakumanzere ndi yakumanja ya masilinda iyenera kugwira ntchito mosinthana.
3. Makonzedwe a injini ya masilinda ambiri komanso dongosolo logwirira ntchito
Kapangidwe ka crankshaft ndi crank ya injini ya in-line four-stroke. Nthawi yogwirira ntchito Ngodya ya injini ya in-line four-cylinder four-stroke ndi 720°/4=180°, crank zinayizo zimayikidwa mu ndege imodzi, ndipo ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito ya injini (kapena ndondomeko yoyatsira) ndi 1-3-4-2 kapena 1-2-4-3. Chipangizo chogwirira ntchito chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi thireyi yozungulira mbali imodzi yokhala ndi wosanjikiza wachitsulo chotsutsana ndi kuphwanyika, crankshaft main bearing yokhala ndi flanging ndi round thrust ring ili ndi mitundu itatu. Thireyi ndi chitsulo cha semi-ring chokhala ndi wosanjikiza wa alloy wotsutsana ndi kuphwanyika kunja, womwe umayikidwa mu groove ya thupi kapena chivundikiro chachikulu cha bearing. Pofuna kupewa kuzungulira kwa thireyi, thireyi ili ndi bulge yomwe imalowa mu groove. Ma threyi ena amagwiritsa ntchito zidutswa 4 kupanga malire awiri ozungulira, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito zidutswa ziwiri za malire. Mbali yokhala ndi chitsulo chotsutsana ndi kuphwanyika iyenera kuyang'ana ku crankshaft.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa zida zamagalimoto za MG&MAUXS zomwe zikulandiridwa kugula.
