Zotsatira za bulaketi yopatsirana yosweka pakuyendetsa.
Bokosi lopatsirana losweka likhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakuyendetsa. Pambuyo powonongeka kwa bracket yopatsirana, imayamba kupanga chodabwitsa poyambira galimoto, kenako ndikuchepetsa kukhazikika kwagalimoto. Poyendetsa galimoto, ngati bulaketi ya gearbox yasweka kwathunthu, mphamvu yothandizira ya gearbox idzakhala yopanda malire, kaya ndi yodziwikiratu kapena yachitsanzo chamanja, izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwachilendo. Pankhaniyi, phokoso lalikulu lidzapangidwa poyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti mbali zamkati za gearbox ziwonongeke ndikufupikitsa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya gearbox. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa bracket ya gearbox kumapangitsanso kuti bokosi la gear liyime pantchito. Izi ndichifukwa choti kutentha kwamafuta a gearbox ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo mumafuta a gearbox muli zonyansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gearbox iyime pogwira ntchito, komanso kutulutsa mawu osadziwika bwino. Kupatsirana kumagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ntchito yotsutsana ndi kuvala ndi kudzoza kwa mafuta opatsirana idzachepetsedwa, choncho m'pofunika kusintha mafuta opatsirana nthawi zonse.
Mwachidule, zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa chithandizo chotumizira pakuyendetsa kumaphatikizapo koma sikumangokhalira kugwedezeka, kuchepetsa kukhazikika, phokoso lowonjezereka, kusintha kwa gear kusintha, zochitika zowonongeka ndi phokoso lachilendo, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Choncho, pamene bracket yotumizira imapezeka kuti yawonongeka, iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya ma gearbox?
Pali mitundu 8 ya kufala kwa MT manual kufala, AT basi kufala, AMT theka-zodziwikiratu kufala, DCT wapawiri-clutch kufala, CVT mosalekeza kufala variable, IVT wopandamalire variable liwiro makina mosalekeza kufala zosiyanasiyana, KRG kolona-mphete mosalekeza kufala variable, ECVT elektroniki mosalekeza kufala variable.
1. MT (Manual kufala)
Zomwe zimatchedwa MT ndizo zomwe timatcha kufalitsa kwamanja, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi buku lodziwika bwino la 5-speed manual ndi 6-speed manual. Ubwino wake waukulu ndiukadaulo wokhwima, kukhazikika kwapamwamba, kukonza kosavuta, kusangalala kwambiri ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Komabe, kuipa kwake ndikuti ntchitoyo ndi yovuta, ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyimitsa ndikuyimitsa. Monga opanga amathandizira kasinthidwe ka magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, mitundu yotumizira pamanja imasinthidwanso m'malo ndi makina odziwikiratu.
2. AT (Automatic transmission)
Kutumiza kwa AT ndizomwe timanena nthawi zambiri kuti zodziwikiratu, nthawi zambiri, zida zamagetsi zimagawidwa mu P, R, N, D, 2, 1 kapena L. Ubwino wamtunduwu wa gearbox ndikuti ukadaulo umakhala wokhazikika, ndipo kuipa kumakhala mtengo wokwera komanso wovuta kupanga, koma monga bokosi la gear lokhwima kwambiri muukadaulo wotumizira wodziwikiratu, kufalitsa kwa AT automatic kukadali ndi chitukuko chambiri mtsogolomo.
3. AMT (Semi-automatic transmission)
M'malo mwake, AMT imayikidwanso ngati njira yotumizira yodziwikiratu ndi opanga ena, koma kunena mosapita m'mbali, tinganene kuti semi-automatic. Magalimoto okhala ndi Amt safunikiranso chopondapo chowongolera, ndipo dalaivala amatha kuyambitsa ndikuyendetsa galimoto mophweka kwambiri ndikungokanikiza chowongolera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa oyendetsa novice komanso kudalirika kwagalimoto. Ubwino wake ndikuti mawonekedwewo ndi osavuta, otsika mtengo, choyipa chake chimakhala chokhumudwitsa kwambiri, mdziko muno, AMT imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ina ya A0.
4. DCT (dual-clutch transmission)
DCT mwa opanga osiyanasiyana ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, Volkswagen imatchedwa DSG, Audi imatchedwa S-tronic, Porsche imatchedwa PDK, ngakhale kuti dzinali ndi losiyana koma mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana, m'mawu osavuta, pali magulu awiri a zogwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kukonzekera uku ndikupewa vuto la kusokoneza mphamvu pamene kusintha kwachikhalidwe kwasinthidwa, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chosuntha mofulumira. Kuphatikiza pa liwiro losuntha mwachangu, limakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kufalitsa, choyipa ndichakuti kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kovuta, ndipo zitsanzo zina zimakhala ndi zokhumudwitsa zoonekeratu. Pakadali pano, vuto lalikulu lomwe likuyang'anizana ndi ma gearbox a DCT ndikuti kulondola kwapangidwe ndikokwera kwambiri.
5. CVT (Stepless Transmission)
CVT kufala nthawi zambiri amati stepless kufala, wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mu zopangidwa ambiri, ife tikudziwa ndi German Mercedes-Benz ndi amene anayambitsa luso CVT, koma chabwino kuchita ndi nambala ngati CR-V, Xuan Yi mitundu iyi yaku Japan. Mfundo yake yaikulu ndi yosalala kwambiri, pafupifupi sangamve kukhumudwa pang'ono, choyipa chachikulu ndi makokedwe ochepa, kukonza zovuta, kulibe kukonza zapakhomo ndi kupanga CVT mbali zina zamikhalidwe.
Vi. IVT (Infinitely Variable Speed Mechanical Continuous Variable Transmission)
IVT ndi mtundu wa kufalitsa kosalekeza kosalekeza komwe kungathe kupirira katundu waukulu, wotchedwa Infinite Variable Speed Mechanical Continuously Variable transmission, yomwe inayamba kupangidwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi Torotrak ku United Kingdom.
7. KRG (Cone-ring stepless transmission)
KRG ndi njira yosasunthika yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ofananira. KRG yapewa dala mapampu a hydraulic pamapangidwe ake, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta komanso zokhazikika pakuwongolera makina.
8. ECVT (Electronic Continuous Variable Transmission)
ECVT imapangidwa ndi zida zamapulaneti ndi ma mota angapo, kudzera mu zida zapapulaneti pa banki yapadziko lapansi, clutch kuphatikiza mota yothamanga kuti mukwaniritse kusintha kwa liwiro.
Chonde tiyimbireni ngati mukufuna such mankhwala.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa zida zamagalimoto za MG&MAUXS zolandiridwa kuti mugule.
