Kodi zigawo zazikulu zoyendetsera injini ndi ziti?
Kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa gawo losuntha la injini, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa crankshaft ndi njira yolumikizira ndodo, ndi gawo losuntha lapakati la injini lomwe limalola kusintha mphamvu.
Msonkhanowu umapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
Pistoni: Imayenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo mu silinda, yokhala ndi mphamvu yochokera ku mpweya woyaka.
Mphete ya pistoni: Yoyikidwa pa pistoni, imagwira ntchito yotseka, kusamutsa kutentha, ndi kukanda mafuta.
Pini ya pistoni: Imalumikiza pistoni ku ndodo yolumikizira, mphamvu yotumizira.
Ndodo yolumikizira: Imasamutsa kayendedwe ka pistoni kobwerezabwereza kupita ku crankshaft ndikuisintha kukhala kayendedwe kozungulira.
Crankshaft: Imalandira mphamvu kuchokera ku ndodo yolumikizira ndikusintha kayendedwe ka pistoni kukhala kayendedwe kozungulira, komwe kumakhala ngati shaft yotulutsa injini.
Chingwe cholumikizira: Choyikidwa kumbuyo kwa crankshaft, chimasunga ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kuti injini iziyenda bwino komanso kugwira ntchito ngati cholumikizira poyambira ndi kutumiza.
Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zithetse kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mankhwala kukhala mphamvu ya makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale maziko oyendetsera injini.
Mu injini, "kusonkhanitsa kwa zigawo zazikulu zosuntha" nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza makina olumikizira ndi ndodo yolumikizira, yomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la zigawo zosuntha zomwe zimathandiza kusintha mphamvu mu injini.
Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusintha mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imapangidwa ndi kuyaka kwa mafuta mu silinda kukhala mphamvu yamakina yozungulira, motero kuyendetsa galimoto kapena makina kuti agwire ntchito.
Njira yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi:
Pistoni imayenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo mu silinda, yokhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yochokera ku mpweya woyaka.
Ndodo yolumikizira imalumikiza pisitoni ku crankshaft, kutumiza kayendedwe ka pistoni ndikuyisintha kukhala kuzungulira kwa crankshaft.
Crankshaft (nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi crankshaft) imatumiza mphamvu yozungulira ku gearbox, mawilo oyendetsa, kapena makina ena ogwira ntchito.
Chiwongolero cha flywheel (nthawi zambiri chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi crankshaft) chimasunga mphamvu ndipo chimapangitsa injini kuyenda bwino, kugonjetsa kukana kwa ma stroke osagwira ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, makina olumikizira ndi ndodo yolumikizira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimalola kusintha kwa "mphamvu ya mankhwala → mphamvu ya kutentha → mphamvu yamakina" mu injini, ndipo imatchedwa "chigoba" ndi malo otulutsa mphamvu a injini.
Kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa gawo losuntha la injini nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza gulu la zigawo zomwe zili mkati mwa injini zomwe zimayambitsa kayendetsedwe ka core, makamaka kuphatikiza crankshaft, connecting rod, piston, piston ring, valves, camshaft, timing chain kapena lamba, ndi zina zotero. Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zisinthe mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuyaka kwa mafuta kukhala kayendedwe ka makina. Zigawozi zikalephera, zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a injini achepe kapena kulephera kwathunthu.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za zolakwika mu msonkhano waukulu wa gawo losuntha la injini ndi izi:
Phokoso losazolowereka: Phokoso lomveka bwino la "tap-tap-tap" (kugogoda), kugundana kwa zitsulo, kapena phokoso lalikulu la "clunking" limachitika mkati mwa injini, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kutseguka kwambiri, kapena mafuta ochepa a pistoni, ma bearing a ndodo yolumikizira, kapena ma bearing akuluakulu a crankshaft. Mano otayirira/lamba kapena odumphadumpha amatulutsanso phokoso lapadera.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu kwambiri ndi kugwedezeka: Galimotoyo ilibe mphamvu yofulumizitsa, imayankha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo imagwedezeka mosalekeza nthawi zonse ikakhala yopanda kanthu kapena ikuyendetsa. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mphete ya piston komwe kumayambitsa kupanikizika kosakwanira kwa silinda, kutsekeka kwa ma valve, kapena kusakhazikika bwino kwa nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yoyaka ichepe kwambiri.
Utsi wochuluka wa utsi: Chitoliro chotulutsa utsi nthawi zonse chimatulutsa utsi wakuda wabuluu, womwe ndi chizindikiro cha mafuta omwe akutuluka m'chipinda choyaka moto akuyaka, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mphete ya piston, zomangira zokalamba za ma valve, kapena mikwingwirima pakhoma la silinda. Pazochitika zazikulu, pakhoza kukhala utsi wakuda (kuyaka kosakwanira) kapena utsi woyera (choziziritsira chomwe chimalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto).
Kuvuta kuyambitsa kapena kulephera kuyambitsa: Ngakhale kuti choyatsira chingagwire ntchito bwino, injini singathe kuyatsa ndi kugwira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kukana kwambiri kwa makina mkati (monga kukoka silinda, kugwira shaft) kapena kusweka kwathunthu kwa dongosolo la nthawi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma valve ndi piston zisokonezeke.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta molakwika: Ngati mafuta akunja sakutuluka bwino, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumatsika mofulumira ndipo kumafuna kuwonjezeredwanso pafupipafupi, zomwe ndi umboni wa kuwonongeka kwa mkati komwe kumayambitsa kuyaka kwa mafuta. Kutentha kwambiri kwa injini: Kukangana kwambiri kwamkati (monga kuwonongeka kwa mabearing, kugwidwa kwa silinda) kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina oziziritsira (monga kulephera kwa choyimitsa madzi) zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti chisagwire bwino ntchito kumabweretsa kutentha kwa madzi.
Zolakwika izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu monga kusakonza kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini osagwira bwino ntchito, mavuto a makina oziziritsira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri injini. Zizindikiro izi zikayamba, makamaka phokoso logunda nthawi zonse, kugwedezeka kwambiri, kapena kutulutsa utsi wakuda, munthu ayenera kusiya kuyendetsa galimoto nthawi yomweyo ndikupempha katswiri kuti akukonze. Kupanda kutero, zitha kupangitsa kuti injiniyo igwire ntchito yonse.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
