Ntchito ya ma spark plugs
Pulagi ya spark ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la makina oyatsira mu injini ya petulo. Imatha kulowetsa mphamvu yamagetsi m'chipinda choyatsira ndikupangitsa kuti idumphe pamwamba pa electrode gap kuti ipange spark, motero kuyatsa chisakanizo choyaka mu silinda. Imakhala ndi nati yolumikizira, choteteza, skuruu yolumikizira, electrode yapakati, ma electrode am'mbali ndi nyumba. Ma electrode am'mbali amalumikizidwa ku nyumbayo.
Pulagi ya spark, yomwe imadziwika kuti "fire nozzle", imagwira ntchito yotulutsa magetsi amphamvu omwe amatumizidwa ndi waya wamphamvu (fire nozzle wire), imadutsa mumlengalenga pakati pa ma electrode awiri a spark plug, ndikupanga spark yamagetsi kuti iyatse mpweya wosakanikirana mu silinda. Mitundu yayikulu ikuphatikizapo: ma spark plugs amtundu wa quasi, ma spark plugs amtundu wa m'mphepete mwa thupi, ma spark plugs amtundu wa electrode, ma spark plugs amtundu wa mpando, ma spark plugs amtundu wa electrode, ma spark plugs amtundu wa face jumping, ndi zina zotero.
Mapulagi a spark amayikidwa m'mbali kapena pamwamba pa injini. Kale, mapulagi a spark ankalumikizidwa ku chogawa kudzera mu mawaya a silinda. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, mainjini ambiri m'magalimoto ang'onoang'ono asinthidwa kuti choyatsira moto chilumikizane mwachindunji ndi choyatsira moto. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya choyatsira moto ndi osachepera 10,000V. Mphamvu yokwera imapangidwa ndi choyatsira moto kuchokera ku magetsi a 12V kenako imatumizidwa ku choyatsira moto.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya magetsi amphamvu kwambiri, mpweya pakati pa electrode yapakati ndi electrode ya mbali ya spark plug udzayamba kupangidwa mofulumira, kupanga ma ion omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso ma electron omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoipa. Mphamvu ya magetsi pakati pa ma electrode ikafika pamtengo winawake, chiwerengero cha ma ion ndi ma electron mu mpweya chimawonjezeka ngati chipale chofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utaye mphamvu yake yotetezera kutentha. Njira yotulutsira mpweya imapangidwa m'malo otsetsereka, ndipo chinthu "chosweka" chimachitika. Pa nthawiyi, mpweyawo umapanga thupi lowala, lomwe limatchedwa "spark". Pamene ukukulirakulira chifukwa cha kutentha, phokoso la "pop pop" limachitikanso. Kutentha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi iyi kumatha kufika madigiri 2000 mpaka 3000 Celsius, zomwe ndizokwanira kuyatsa chisakanizocho m'chipinda choyaka cha silinda.
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, pali mitundu yozizira ndi mitundu yotentha. Malinga ndi zipangizo za elekitirodi, pali mitundu ya nickel, mitundu ya siliva ndi mitundu ya platinamu, ndi zina zotero. Ngati tili akatswiri kwambiri, mitundu ya ma spark plugs ndi motere:
Pulagi ya mtundu wa Quasi: Chophimba chake cha insulator chimabwerera pang'ono kumapeto kwa nyumbayo, ndipo electrode yam'mbali ili kunja kwa nyumbayo. Ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Chotchingira cha spark chotuluka m'mphepete mwa thupi: Chotchingira insulator ndi chachitali ndipo chimatuluka kupitirira kumapeto kwa nyumbayo. Chili ndi ubwino woyamwa kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu yabwino yoletsa kuipitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chimatha kuziziritsidwa mwachindunji ndi mpweya wolowa kuti chichepetse kutentha, motero sichingayambitse kuyaka kwa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, chili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha komwe kumasintha.
Ma electrode a mtundu wa spark plugs: Ma electrode awo ndi abwino kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi ma spark amphamvu, mphamvu yabwino yoyatsira, ndipo amatha kuonetsetsa kuti injini imayamba mwachangu komanso modalirika ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Pulagi ya spark: Chophimba chake ndi ulusi wa skur zimapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a conical, kotero zimatha kusunga chisindikizo chabwino popanda gasket, motero zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa spark plug ndikukhala yothandiza kwambiri pakupanga injini.
Mapulagi a polar spark: Ma electrode am'mbali nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri kapena kuposerapo. Ubwino wawo ndi kuyatsa kodalirika ndipo mpata wake sufunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini ena amafuta komwe ma electrode amatha kukokoloka ndipo mpata wa spark plug sungasinthidwe pafupipafupi.
Pulagi ya spark ya nkhope: Imadziwikanso kuti mtundu wa face gap, ndiyo mtundu wozizira kwambiri wa spark plug, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa electrode yapakati ndi mbali yomaliza ya nyumbayo ndi kozungulira.
Mapulagi a spark plugs amtundu wamba ndi mtundu wotuluka
Pulagi yodziwika bwino ya spark ndi pulagi yopangidwa ndi electrode yokhala ndi mbali imodzi yokhala ndi mbali yotsika pang'ono kuposa mbali yolumikizidwa ya nyumbayo. Imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kakale ka malekezero oyatsira moto komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mainjini a valve oyikidwa m'mbali. Kuti isiyanitse ndi "mtundu wotuluka" womwe unatulukira pambuyo pake, kapangidwe kameneka kamatchedwa "mtundu wokhazikika".
Pulagi yotulukira ya spark poyamba idapangidwira injini za valavu zapamwamba. Siketi yake yotulutsira mpweya imatuluka kuchokera kumapeto kwa chipolopolocho ndipo imapita ku chipinda choyaka moto. Imayamwa kutentha kwakukulu mu chisakanizo choyaka, imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito pa liwiro loyaka, ndipo imapewa kuipitsidwa. Pa liwiro lalikulu, chifukwa cha valavu yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba, mpweya wopumira umalunjika ku siketi ya insulator, ndikuziziritsa. Zotsatira zake, kutentha kwakukulu sikukwera kwambiri, motero kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu. Ma spark plug otulukira si oyenera injini za valavu zoyikidwa m'mbali chifukwa zimakhala ndi ma turn ambiri munjira yolowera ndipo mpweyawo suzizira kwambiri siketi ya insulator.
Mapulagi a spark a pole imodzi ndi pole yambiri
Pulagi yachikhalidwe ya spark-pole imodzi ili ndi vuto lake, ndiko kuti, electrode yam'mbali imaphimba electrode yapakati. Pamene kutuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu kumachitika pakati pa mizati iwiri, mpweya wosakanikirana womwe uli mumpata wa spark umayamwa kutentha kwa spark ndipo umayatsidwa chifukwa cha ionization kuti upange "spark core". Malo omwe spark core imapangika nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi electrode yam'mbali. Panthawiyi, kutentha kwambiri kudzatengedwa ndi electrode yam'mbali, yomwe imadziwika kuti "flame depression effect" ya electrode. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya spark ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a flameout.
Kotero, m'zaka za m'ma 1920, ma plug a spark a three-pole three-pole adatuluka. Poyerekeza ndi electrode ya mbali imodzi, spark gap ya electrode ya mbali zambiri imapangidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a ma electrode angapo am'mbali (omwe amabowoledwa m'mabowo ozungulira) ndi pamwamba pa cylindrical ya electrode yapakati. Spark gap iyi yokhazikika pambali imachotsa kufooka kwa ma electrode am'mbali omwe amaphimba electrode yapakati, imawonjezera "kupezeka" kwa spark, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za spark, ndipo ndi yosavuta kulowa mkati mwa silinda, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza momwe chisakanizocho chimayakira ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa utsi. Chifukwa cha mizati yambiri yomwe imapereka njira zambiri za spark, nthawi yogwirira ntchito imatalikitsidwa ndipo kudalirika kwa kuyatsa kumawonjezeka. Tiyenera kunena apa kuti panthawi yotulutsa, njira imodzi yokha ndiyo ingayatse, ndipo sizingatheke kuti mizati yambiri iyatse nthawi imodzi. Njira yotulutsira zithunzi mwachangu ikutsimikizira mfundo iyi.
Zilembo zomaliza (zilembo zotsatizana ndi mphamvu ya calorific) D, J, ndi Q m'mamodeli a spark plug a m'nyumba motsatana zimayimira double-pole, triple-pole, ndi four-pole motsatana.
Mapulagi a spark electrode opangidwa ndi nickel ndi copper core
Zofunikira kwambiri pa ma electrode omwe amalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto ndi kukana kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya (zonse zamagetsi ndi mankhwala) komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ya zinthu ndi ukadaulo wa njira, zinthu za ma electrode zasintha kuchokera ku chitsulo, nickel, nickel-based alloys, nickel-copper composite zipangizo mpaka zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Alloy yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano ndi nickel-based alloy. Kawirikawiri, zitsulo zoyera zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kuposa alloys, koma zitsulo zoyera (monga nickel) zimakhala zokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzizira kwa mankhwala kwa mpweya woyaka ndi malo olimba omwe amapanga kuposa alloys. Chifukwa chake, zinthu za electrode zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi nickel ndi kuwonjezera zinthu monga chromium, manganese, ndi silicon. Chromium imawonjezera kukana kwa kukokoloka kwa magetsi, pomwe manganese ndi silicon zimawonjezera kukana kwa mankhwala, makamaka kukana kwa sulfure oxide woopsa kwambiri.
Mapulagi a spark plugs amtundu wamba komanso wotsutsa
Pulagi ya spark, monga jenereta yotulutsa spark, ndi gwero la broadband continuous electromagnetic radiation interference. Kuyambira m'ma 1960, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi afulumizitsa chitukuko cha ma spark plugs oletsa kusokoneza mphamvu ya ma electromagnetic radiation yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi ma sparks kupita ku wailesi, kuteteza kulumikizana kwa wailesi ndikuletsa kusokonekera kwa zida zamagetsi zomwe zili m'bwalo. China yaperekanso miyezo yofunikira yadziko lonse yogwirizana ndi ma electromagnetic, ndikuyika zoletsa zolimba pa mawonekedwe a ma radio interference a zida zamagalimoto zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi injini zoyatsira spark plug. Zotsatira zake, kufunikira kwa ma resistive spark plugs kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Ma resistive spark plugs alibe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wamba; kusiyana kokhako ndikuti conductor sealant mkati mwa thupi loteteza imasinthidwa kukhala resistive sealant.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
