Kodi chinthu chosefera mafuta a galimoto ndi chiyani?
Chosefera mafuta, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chotsukira mafuta. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa monga fumbi, tinthu tachitsulo, mpweya woipa ndi tinthu ta soya kuchokera ku mafuta a injini, kuteteza injini.
Zosefera zamafuta zitha kugawidwa m'magulu amitundu yonse yoyenda bwino komanso yodutsa. Fyuluta yonse yoyenda bwino imalumikizidwa motsatizana pakati pa pampu yamafuta ndi njira yayikulu yamafuta, motero imatha kusefa mafuta onse olowetsa mafuta omwe amalowa munjira yayikulu yamafuta. Chotsukira chosinthira mafuta chimalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi njira yayikulu yamafuta ndipo chimasefa gawo limodzi la mafuta odzola omwe amatumizidwa ndi pampu yamafuta. Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya injini, zitsulo, fumbi, kaboni zomwe zimasungunuka kutentha kwambiri, zinthu zonga gel, madzi ndi zinthu zina zimasakanizidwa nthawi zonse mu mafuta odzola. Ntchito ya fyuluta yamafuta ndikusefa zonyansa ndi chingamu izi, kusunga mafuta odzola oyera ndikuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki. Fyuluta yamafuta iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yosefera yamphamvu, kukana kuyenda bwino komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Mu dongosolo lonse lodzola mafuta, mafyuluta angapo okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zosefera amayikidwa - chotsukira, fyuluta yolimba ndi fyuluta yaying'ono - yomwe imalumikizidwa motsatizana kapena motsatizana munjira yayikulu yamafuta. Cholumikizidwa motsatizana ndi njira yayikulu yamafuta chimatchedwa fyuluta yonse yoyenda bwino, momwe mafuta onse odzola amasefedwa panthawi yogwira ntchito ya injini; Cholumikizidwa motsatizana nacho chimatchedwa fyuluta yogawanitsa madzi. Pakati pawo, fyuluta yogawanitsa madzi imalumikizidwa motsatizana mu njira yayikulu yamafuta ndipo ndi yamtundu wa full flow. Fyuluta yogawanitsa madzi imalumikizidwa motsatizana mu njira yayikulu yamafuta ndipo ndi yamtundu wa split. Mainjini amakono a magalimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chotsukira ndi fyuluta yamafuta yogawanitsa madzi. Fyuluta yogawanitsa madzi imachotsa zonyansa zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 0.05mm kapena kuposerapo kuchokera ku mafuta a injini, pomwe fyuluta yogawanitsa madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 0.001mm kapena kuposerapo.
Pepala losefera: Zofunikira pa pepala losefera mu zosefera zamafuta ndi zapamwamba kuposa zomwe zili mu zosefera zamlengalenga. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa kutentha kwa mafuta kumasiyana kuyambira madigiri 0 mpaka 300. Pakusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumasinthanso moyenerera, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kusefera kwa mafuta. Pepala losefera la fyuluta yamafuta yapamwamba liyenera kukhala lotha kusefera zinyalala pakasintha kwambiri kutentha pamene likuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akuyenda bwino.
Mphete yotsekera rabara: Mphete yotsekera ya fyuluta ya mafuta apamwamba a injini imapangidwa ndi rabara yapadera, kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta 100% satuluka.
Valavu yoletsa kuyenda kwa mafuta: Imapezeka m'mafyuluta apamwamba kwambiri amafuta okha. Injini ikazima, imatha kuletsa fyuluta yamafuta kuti isaume. Injini ikayambanso kugwira ntchito, nthawi yomweyo imapanga mphamvu kuti ipereke mafuta a injini kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. (Imadziwikanso kuti valavu yoyang'anira mafuta
Vavu yothandiza: Imapezeka m'mafyuluta amafuta apamwamba kwambiri okha. Kutentha kwakunja kukatsika kufika pamtengo winawake kapena fyuluta yamafuta ikapitirira nthawi yake yogwira ntchito, vavu yothandiza imatsegulidwa pansi pa kupanikizika kwapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta osasefedwa ayende molunjika mu injini. Ngakhale zili choncho, zinyalala zomwe zili mu mafuta a injini zimalowa mu injini pamodzi, koma poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta a injini mu injini, kuwonongeka koteroko ndi kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, vavu yothandiza ndiyo chinsinsi choteteza injini pakagwa ngozi. (Yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu yodutsa
Muzochitika zachizolowezi, zigawo zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa injini zimagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi kudzera mu mafuta a injini. Komabe, zinyalala zachitsulo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a zigawozo, fumbi lomwe limalowa, mpweya woipa womwe umasungunuka kutentha kwambiri, ndi nthunzi yamadzi zimasakanikirana nthawi zonse mu mafuta a injini. Pakapita nthawi, moyo wa ntchito ya mafuta a injini udzachepa, ndipo pazochitika zoopsa, zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito a injini.
Chifukwa chake, panthawiyi, ntchito ya fyuluta yamafuta imayamba. Mwachidule, ntchito yayikulu ya fyuluta yamafuta ndikusefa zinyalala zambiri zomwe zili mumafuta a injini, kusunga mafuta oyera ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, fyuluta yamafuta iyeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu yosefera, kukana kuyenda kwa madzi pang'ono komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito.
Pali zovuta ziwiri zazikulu pa zosefera mafuta zomwe zilipo pamsika, koma chinthu chatsopanochi chawabwezera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chatsopanocho, fyuluta yamafuta yamphamvu yamaginito.
Vuto loyamba: Imatha kusefa 60% yokha ya zinyalala zomwe zili mu mafuta a injini, ndipo kusefa kwake sikuli bwino.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa zosefera zamafuta zomwe zilipo pano zimadalira dzenje limodzi la fyuluta ya pepala kuti zithetse ndikusefa zonyansa zovulaza mumafuta. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono a pepala losefera amakhala ochepa, kusefa kumakhala bwino, koma mafuta amatha kudutsa mosavuta. Pofuna kuthana ndi kutsutsana kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zonyansa tingasefedwe pa mbowo yomweyi ya pepala losefera komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta okwanira a injini omwe amaperekedwa ku injini amatha kudutsa mu mbowo yaying'ono iyi. Malinga ndi mayeso omwe anachitika ndi Filter Branch ya National Internal Combustion Engine Industry Association pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera ya ISO4548 yapadziko lonse lapansi yogwiritsira ntchito bwino zosefera zamafuta, ngakhale zosefera zabwino kwambiri zamafuta pamsika zitha kupangidwa kuti zichotse 60% ya zonyansa zomwe zili mumafuta. Uwu ndiye mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wosefera womwe umapezeka pambuyo pa mayeso ambirimbiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, pakadali 40% ya zonyansa zovulaza zomwe sizingathe kusefedwa bwino ndi zinthu zosefera zapepala. Pakati pa 40% ya zonyansa izi, chifukwa cha mtundu wofewa komanso wolimba wa zonyansa za ferromagnetic, ndizo zambiri ndipo motero zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa injini.
Vuto lachiwiri: Kusefa bwino sikuchitika pazifukwa zapadera.
Zosefera zamafuta zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano zili ndi ma valve odutsa pansi pa chinthu chosefera cha pepala. Iyi ndi njira yoyendetsera mafuta mwachindunji yomwe idapangidwa panthawi yopangira kuti iwonetsetse kuti mafuta a injini amatha kuyendayenda bwino kupita ku injini injini ikayamba kuzizira ndipo kukhuthala kwa mafuta kuli kwakukulu kapena chinthu chosefera cha pepala chatsekedwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu. Pamene valavu yodutsa ya mafuta a injini yatsegulidwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa pampu yamafuta, mafuta a injini omwe amabwerera ku injini kudzera mu valavu yodutsa samangolephera kusefedwa ndi chinthu chosefera cha pepala, komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zodetsedwa zomwe poyamba zidasefedwa ndi chinthu chosefera cha pepala zidzabwezeretsedwanso mu injini kudzera mu valavu yodutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini iwonongeke nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, zosefera zamafuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika Pansi pa mikhalidwe yapadera, kwenikweni zimagwira ntchito yosefera, kotero mphamvu yosefera pakadali pano ndi zero.
Kuchokera ku zovuta ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, zitha kuwoneka kuti zosefera zamafuta zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano sizingathe kusefa zodetsa zonse zazikulu kapena zazing'ono kuposa ma micro-pores a chinthu chosefera cha pepala. Zimangochotsa zodetsa zonse zofanana ndi ma micro-pores a chinthu chosefera cha pepala ndikuziyikamo. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yosefera ndi yotsika kwambiri.
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