Jenereta ya magalimoto.
Jenereta ya galimoto ndiye mphamvu yaikulu ya galimoto, ntchito yake ndikupereka mphamvu ku zida zonse zamagetsi (kupatula choyambira) pamene injini ikuyenda bwino, ndikuchaja batri nthawi imodzi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chozungulira cha stator cha magawo atatu, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa ma curve ozungulira ndikutulutsa terminal, onjezerani seti ya rectifier ya magawo atatu. Pa liwiro lotsika, chozungulira chachikulu ndi chowonjezera chimatuluka motsatizana, ndipo pa liwiro lapamwamba, chozungulira chachikulu cha magawo atatu chokha ndicho chimatuluka.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya alternator yonse
Pamene dera lakunja limapereka mphamvu kumunda wozungulira kudzera mu burashi, mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa, kotero kuti claw pole imalowetsedwa mu N pole ndi S pole. Rotor ikazungulira, mphamvu ya maginito imasintha motsatizana mu stator winding, malinga ndi mfundo ya electromagnetic induction, stator three-phase winding idzapanga alternating induced electromotive force. Umu ndi momwe alternator imapangira magetsi.
Choyendetsa chachikulu (monga injini) chimakoka chozungulira cha jenereta cholumikizidwa ndi DC kuti chizungulire pa liwiro la n(rpm), ndi mphamvu ya AC yozungulira ya stator yokhala ndi magawo atatu. Ngati chozungulira cha stator chalumikizidwa ndi katundu wamagetsi, motayo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya AC, ndipo mphamvu ya AC imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yolunjika kuchokera ku terminal yotulutsa kudzera mu mlatho wokonzanso mkati mwa jenereta.
Alternator imagawidwa m'magawo awiri a stator winding ndi rotor winding, stator winding ya magawo atatu imagawidwa pa chipolopolo malinga ndi kusiyana kwa ngodya yamagetsi ya madigiri 120 pakati pa wina ndi mnzake, rotor winding imapangidwa ndi zikhadabo ziwiri za pole. Rotor winding ikalumikizidwa ku direct current, imalimbikitsidwa, ndipo zikhadabo ziwiri za pole zimapanga N pole ndi S pole. Mzere wa maginito umayamba kuchokera ku N pole, umalowa pakati pa stator kudzera mumpata wa mpweya ndikubwerera ku S pole yoyandikana nayo. Rotor ikangozunguliridwa, rotor winding imadula mzere wa mphamvu ya maginito, ndikupanga mphamvu ya sinusoidal electromotive yokhala ndi kusiyana kwa madigiri 120 amagetsi Angle mu stator winding, ndiko kuti, alternating current ya magawo atatu, kenako kudzera mu rectifier element yopangidwa ndi ma diode kupita ku direct current output.
Chosinthira chikatsekedwa, batire limayamba kupereka mphamvu. Dongosolo lake ndi:
Batire yabwino → nyali yochajira → cholumikizira chowongolera → chozungulira chotsitsimula → chitsulo chozungulira → batire yoipa. Panthawiyi, nyali yowunikira chochajira idzayatsa chifukwa cha magetsi omwe akudutsa.
Komabe, injini ikayamba, pamene liwiro la jenereta likuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya jenereta imawonjezekanso. Pamene mphamvu yotulutsa ya jenereta ili yofanana ndi mphamvu ya batri, mphamvu ya "B" kumapeto ndi "D" kumapeto kwa jenereta imakhala yofanana, panthawiyi, kuwala kowonetsa chaji kumazimitsidwa chifukwa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa malekezero awiri ndi zero. Zimasonyeza kuti jenereta ikugwira ntchito bwino ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa imaperekedwa ndi jenereta yokha. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya AC ya magawo atatu yopangidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa magawo atatu mu jenereta imakonzedwa ndi diode ndikutulutsa mphamvu yolunjika kuti ipereke mphamvu ku katundu ndikuchaja batri.
Alternator nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo anayi: rotor, stator, rectifier ndi end cap.
(1) Rotor
Ntchito ya rotor ndikupanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira.
Rotor imakhala ndi ndodo ya claw, goli, magnetic field winding, mphete yosonkhanitsira ndi shaft ya rotor.
Mizati iwiri ya zikhadabo imakanidwa pa shaft yozungulira, ndipo mizati yonse iwiri ya zikhadabo ili ndi mizati isanu ndi umodzi ya maginito yokhala ndi milomo ya mbalame. Chozungulira cha maginito (rotor coil) ndi goli la maginito zimayikidwa m'bowo la mizati.
Mphete yosonkhanitsira imakhala ndi mphete ziwiri zamkuwa zotetezedwa kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mphete yosonkhanitsira imakanizidwa pa shaft yozungulira ndikutetezedwa ndi shaft. Mphete ziwiri zosonkhanitsira zimalumikizidwa kumapeto onse awiri a magnetic field winding.
Pamene mphete ziwiri zosonkhanitsira zimadutsa mu mphamvu yolunjika (kudzera mu burashi), pamakhala mphamvu yodutsa mu mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo mphamvu ya axial magnetic flux imapangidwa, kotero kuti claw pole imodzi imapangidwa ndi maginito ku N pole ndipo inayo imapangidwa ndi maginito ku S pole, motero amapanga mapeyala asanu ndi limodzi a maginito olumikizana. Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imapangidwa [1].
Dera la maginito la alternator ndi: yoka →N pole → mpweya pakati pa rotor ndi stator → stator → Mpweya pakati pa stator ndi rotor →S pole → yoka.
(2) Stator
Ntchito ya stator ndi kupanga mphamvu yosinthira.
Stator imakhala ndi pakati pa stator ndi coil ya stator.
Chimake cha stator chimapangidwa ndi mapepala achitsulo a silicon okhala ndi mipata mkati mwa mphete yamkati, ndipo chowongolera cha stator winding chimayikidwa mu mpata wa pakati.
Kuzungulira kwa stator kuli ndi magawo atatu, ndipo kuzungulira kwa magawo atatu kumagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi kapena kulumikizana kwa katatu (mphamvu yayikulu), komwe kumatha kupanga magetsi osinthira magawo atatu.
Kuzungulira kwa magawo atatu kuyenera kuzunguliridwa malinga ndi zofunikira zina kuti mupeze ma frequency ofanana, ma amplitude ofanana, kusiyana kwa magawo a 120° mphamvu yamagetsi ya magawo atatu.
1. Mtunda pakati pa mbali ziwiri zogwira ntchito za coil iliyonse uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi malo omwe ali ndi ndodo ya maginito.
2. Mtunda pakati pa m'mphepete mwa zoyambira za ma coil oyandikana nawo a gawo lililonse lozungulira uyenera kukhala wofanana kapena wochulukirapo wa mtunda womwe umakhala ndi ma poles awiri a maginito.
3. Mphepete yoyambira ya kupotoza kwa magawo atatu iyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi Ngongole yamagetsi ya 2π+120o (malo omwe ali ndi ndodo ziwiri zamaginito ndi Ngongole yamagetsi ya 360o).
Mu alternator ya JF13 yapakhomo, ma poles awiri a maginito amawerengera malo a malo a mipata 6 (60o electrical Angle pa slot), pole ya maginito imawerengera malo a malo a mipata 3, kotero malo a mbali ziwiri zogwira ntchito za coil iliyonse ndi mipata 3, mtunda pakati pa m'mphepete woyambira wa gawo lililonse lozungulira pafupi ndi coil ndi mipata 6, m'mphepete woyambira wa mipata itatu ukhoza kulekanitsidwa ndi mipata 2, mipata 8, mipata 3. Mipata 14, ndi zina zotero.
(3) Chokonzanso
Ntchito ya alternator rectifier ndikusintha ma alternating current atatu-phase a stator current kukhala direct current. Rectifier ya 6-tube alternator ndi three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier circuit yokhala ndi ma silicon rectifier diodes 6, ndipo ma rectifier chubu 6 amakanikizidwa (kapena kulowetsedwa) pa mbale ziwiri motsatana.
1. Makhalidwe a ma diode a rectifier a silicon yamagalimoto
(1) Mphamvu yayikulu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yapakati yopita patsogolo 50A, mphamvu yapakati yopita patsogolo 600A;
(2) Voliyumu yayikulu yobwerera m'mbuyo, voliyumu yobwerezabwereza ya 270V, voliyumu yobwerera yosabwerezabwereza ya 300V;
(3) Pali chingwe chimodzi chokha. Ndipo ma diode lead ena ndi abwino, ma diode lead ena ndi oipa, chubu chokhala ndi chingwe chabwino chimatchedwa chubu chabwino, ndipo chubu chokhala ndi chingwe choipa chimatchedwa chubu choyipa, kotero rectifier diode ili ndi diode yabwino ndi diode yoyipa.
(4) Chivundikiro cha kumapeto
Chivundikiro cha kumapeto nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri (chivundikiro chakutsogolo ndi chivundikiro chakumbuyo), chomwe chimagwira ntchito yokonza chozungulira, stator, rectifier ndi burashi. Chivundikiro cha kumapeto nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zimatha kupewa kutuluka kwa maginito ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yotaya kutentha.
Chivundikiro chakumbuyo chili ndi burashi yokhala ndi burashi, chogwirira burashi ndi kasupe wa burashi. Ntchito ya burashi ndikulowetsa magetsi kudzera mu mphete yosonkhanitsira mu field winding.
Kulumikizana pakati pa mphamvu ya maginito (maburashi awiri) ndi jenereta ndi kosiyana, kotero kuti jenereta imagawidwa m'mitundu yamkati ndi yakunja.
1. Jenereta yachitsulo chamkati: Jenereta yokhala ndi burashi yozungulira ya maginito yozungulira chitsulo chozungulira mwachindunji (yolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi nyumbayo).
2. Jenereta yophimba kunja: Jenereta yomwe maburashi onse awiri a mpeni wamunda amatetezedwa ndi chivundikirocho.
Electrode yoyipa (burashi yoyipa) ya magnetic field winding ya jenereta yakunja yachitsulo imalumikizidwa ku regulator, kenako chitsulo chimalumikizidwa pambuyo podutsa.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa zida zamagalimoto za MG&MAUXS zomwe zikulandiridwa kugula.
