Condenser.
Condenser, yomwe ndi gawo la firiji, ndi ya chotenthetsera kutentha, chomwe chimatha kusintha gasi kapena nthunzi kukhala madzi, ndikusamutsa kutentha kwa chubu kupita kumlengalenga pafupi ndi chubu mwachangu kwambiri. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya condenser ndi njira yotulutsa kutentha, kotero kutentha kwa condenser kumakhala kwakukulu.
Ma condensers ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira magetsi kuti asungunuke nthunzi kuchokera pama turbines. Ma condensers amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafiriji kuti apange nthunzi mufiriji monga ammonia ndi freon. Ma condensers amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani a petrochemical kuti apangitse ma hydrocarboni ndi nthunzi zina zama mankhwala. Mu distillation, chipangizo chomwe chimasintha nthunzi kukhala madzi amadzimadzi chimatchedwanso condenser. Ma condensers onse amagwira ntchito pochotsa kutentha kwa mpweya kapena nthunzi.
Gawo lamakina la firiji, lomwe ndi la chotenthetsera kutentha, limatha kusintha gasi kapena nthunzi kukhala madzi, ndikusintha kutentha kwa chitoliro kupita kumlengalenga pafupi ndi chitoliro mwachangu kwambiri. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya condenser ndi njira yotulutsa kutentha, kotero kutentha kwa condenser kumakhala kwakukulu.
Ma condenser ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira magetsi kuti asungunuke nthunzi kuchokera pama turbines. Ma condensers amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafiriji kuti apange nthunzi mufiriji monga ammonia ndi freon. Ma condensers amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani a petrochemical kuti apangitse ma hydrocarboni ndi nthunzi zina zama mankhwala. Mu distillation, chipangizo chomwe chimasintha nthunzi kukhala madzi amadzimadzi chimatchedwanso condenser. Ma condenser onse amagwira ntchito pochotsa kutentha kwa gasi kapena nthunzi. [1]
mfundo
Mpweya umadutsa mu chubu lalitali (lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangidwira mu solenoid), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kutayike kumlengalenga wozungulira. Zitsulo monga mkuwa, zomwe zimatentha, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula nthunzi. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya condenser, matenthedwe otentha omwe ali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera kutentha nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku mapaipi kuti awonjezere kutentha kwa kutentha kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya kumafulumizitsa kupyolera mu fani kuti ichotse kutentha.
Mu makina ozungulira a firiji, kompresa imatulutsa kutentha pang'ono komanso kutsika kwa mpweya wa refrigerant kuchokera ku evaporator, yomwe imakhala yoponderezedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa nthunzi yotentha kwambiri ndi kompresa, kenako ndikukankhira mu condenser nthawi zonse. kuthamanga kuzirala, ndi kutulutsa kutentha kwa sing'anga yozizira, ndiyeno utakhazikika mu supercooled madzi refrigerant. The madzi refrigerant amakhala otsika-anzanu madzi refrigerant kudzera kutambasuka valavu adiabatic throttling, ukuphwera ndi kuyamwa kutentha mu mpweya woziziritsa kufalitsidwa madzi (mpweya) mu evaporator, motero kuziziritsa mpweya kufalitsidwa madzi kuti tikwaniritse cholinga firiji, ndi firiji yomwe imachokera kupansi yotsika imalowetsedwa mu compressor, kotero kuti kuzungulira kumagwira ntchito.
Single-siteji nthunzi compression refrigeration dongosolo limapangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi zofunika firiji kompresa, condenser, throttle valve ndi evaporator, amene motsatizana olumikizidwa ndi mapaipi kupanga chotsekedwa dongosolo, ndi refrigerant mowirikiza mu dongosolo, kusintha dziko, ndi kusinthana. kutentha ndi dziko lakunja.
Makongoletsedwe
Mu firiji dongosolo, evaporator, condenser, compressor ndi throttle valavu ndi mbali zinayi zofunika dongosolo firiji, mmene evaporator ndi zipangizo kutumiza kuzizira. Refrigerant imatenga kutentha kwa chinthu chomwe chikuzizidwa kuti chizizizira. Compressor ndi mtima, womwe umagwira ntchito yopumira, kukanikiza ndi kutumiza nthunzi ya refrigerant. Condenser ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatulutsa kutentha, kusamutsa kutentha komwe kumalowa mu evaporator pamodzi ndi kutentha komwe kumasinthidwa ndi ntchito ya compressor kupita kumalo ozizira. Valavu ya throttle imagwira ntchito yochepetsera komanso kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa refrigerant, pamene imayang'anira ndi kulamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi a refrigerant omwe akuyenda mu evaporator, ndipo dongosololi limagawidwa m'magawo awiri: mbali yothamanga kwambiri ndi yotsika kwambiri. Muzitsulo zenizeni za firiji, kuwonjezera pa zigawo zinayi zazikuluzikuluzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zida zina zothandizira, monga ma valve solenoid, ma dispensers, zowumitsa, osonkhanitsa, mapulagi a fusible, olamulira kuthamanga ndi zigawo zina, zomwe zimayikidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo chuma, kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha ntchito.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a condensing, mpweya wozizira ukhoza kugawidwa m'madzi oziziritsa ndi mpweya, ndipo malingana ndi cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito, ukhoza kugawidwa m'modzi-wozizira ndi firiji ndi kutenthedwa, ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mapangidwe ake. wapangidwa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zotsatirazi.
Kufunika kwa condenser kumachokera ku lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics - molingana ndi lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics, kusuntha kwachangu kwa mphamvu ya kutentha mkati mwa dongosolo lotsekedwa ndi njira imodzi, ndiko kuti, ikhoza kutuluka kuchokera kutentha kwakukulu kupita ku kutentha kochepa. , ndipo tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timanyamula mphamvu ya kutentha m'dziko losawoneka bwino kwambiri tingasinthe kuchoka pa dongosolo kupita ku chisokonezo. Choncho, pamene injini yotentha imakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera kuti igwire ntchito, kunsi kwa mtsinjewo kumayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu, kotero kuti padzakhala kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya kutentha pakati pa kumtunda ndi kumtunda, kutuluka kwa mphamvu yotentha kudzakhala kotheka, ndipo kuzungulira kudzapitirira. .
Choncho, ngati mukufuna kuti chonyamuliracho chigwirenso ntchito, choyamba muyenera kumasula mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe siinamasulidwe kwathunthu, ndipo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito condenser panthawiyi. Ngati kutentha kozungulira kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kwa condenser, kuti muziziritse condenser, ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito compressor). Madzi amadzimadzi amabwerera kumtunda wapamwamba komanso mphamvu yochepa ya kutentha, ndipo ntchito ikhoza kuchitidwanso.
Kusankhidwa kwa condenser kumaphatikizapo kusankha kwa mawonekedwe ndi chitsanzo, ndikusankha kuyenda ndi kukana kwa madzi ozizira kapena mpweya ukuyenda kupyolera mu condenser. Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wa condenser kuyenera kuganizira za gwero lamadzi am'deralo, kutentha kwa madzi, nyengo, komanso kukula kwa kuziziritsa kwathunthu kwa firiji ndi zofunikira za chipinda cha firiji. Pansi pa chidziwitso cha mtundu wa condenser, malo otengera kutentha kwa condenser amawerengedwa molingana ndi katundu wa condenser ndi katundu wa kutentha pa unit unit ya condenser, kuti asankhe chitsanzo cha condenser.
Kapangidwe kadongosolo
Pambuyo poyamwa kutentha kwa chinthu chokhazikika mu evaporator, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imatuluka kutentha kwambiri ndi nthunzi yotsika kwambiri, imakokedwa ndi kompresa, kukanikizidwa mu kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwa nthunzi kenako kulowa mu condenser, kumatulutsa kutentha kwa sing'anga yozizira. (madzi kapena mpweya) mu condenser, amasungunuka kukhala madzi othamanga kwambiri, amagwedezeka ndi valavu ya throttle chifukwa cha kutsika kwapansi ndi kutentha kwa refrigerant, ndipo amalowanso mu evaporator kuti atenge kutentha ndi kusungunuka. Kukwaniritsa cholinga kufalitsidwa firiji. Mwanjira imeneyi, refrigerant mu dongosolo kudzera evaporation, psinjika, condensation, throttling anayi zofunika njira kumaliza refrigeration mkombero.
Zigawo zazikuluzikulu ndi kompresa, condenser, evaporator, valavu yowonjezera (kapena capillary, supercooling control valve), valavu yanjira zinayi, valavu yambiri, valavu yoyang'ana, valavu ya solenoid, switch switch, fuse, valavu yoyendetsera mphamvu, chowongolera, kusungirako madzi. thanki, chotenthetsera kutentha, chosonkhanitsa, fyuluta, chowumitsira, chipangizo chotsegula ndi kutseka, valve yoyimitsa, pulagi ya jakisoni wamadzimadzi ndi zina.
zamagetsi
Zigawo zazikuluzikulu ndi ma motors (compressors, mafani, etc.), ma switch ogwiritsira ntchito, ma electromagnetic contactors, interlocking relays, overcurrent relays, thermal overcurrent relays, owongolera kutentha, zowongolera chinyezi, zosinthira kutentha (zowononga, kupewa kuzizira, etc.). Compressor crankcase heater, relay madzi, bolodi la makompyuta ndi zinthu zina.
Amawongolera
Zili ndi zida zingapo zowongolera, zomwe ndi:
Refrigerant controller: valavu yowonjezera, capillary, etc.
Woyang'anira dera la refrigerant: valavu yanjira zinayi, valavu yoyendera, valavu iwiri, valavu ya solenoid.
Refrigerant pressure controller: pressure opener, control pressure regulator, pressure controller.
Chitetezo chagalimoto: relay overcurrent, relay yotenthetsera, kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.
Temperature regulator: kutentha mlingo regulator, kutentha proportional regulator.
Chinyezi chowongolera: chowongolera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.
Defrosting controller: defrosting kutentha switch, defrosting relay nthawi, zosinthira zosiyanasiyana kutentha.
Kuwongolera madzi ozizira: kutumizirana madzi, valavu yowongolera madzi, mpope wamadzi, etc.
Kuwongolera ma alarm: alamu yotentha kwambiri, alamu yonyowa kwambiri, alamu yapansi pamagetsi, alamu yamoto, alamu ya utsi, ndi zina.
Zowongolera zina: wowongolera liwiro la fan m'nyumba, wowongolera liwiro lakunja, ndi zina zambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitilizani kuwerenga zolemba zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiyimbireni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
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