Kodi gulu la pistoni limapangidwa ndi chiyani?
Kusonkhana kwa pisitoni ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la injini yagalimoto, lomwe limapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zotsatirazi:
1. Pisitoni: Ndi gawo la chipinda choyaka moto ndipo chili ndi mipata ingapo yoyikira mphete ya pisitoni.
2. Mphete ya pistoni: Imayikidwa pa pistoni kuti itseke, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphete ya gasi ndi mphete yamafuta.
3. Pini ya pistoni: Polumikiza pistoni ndi mutu waung'ono wa ndodo yolumikizira pistoni, pali njira ziwiri zoyandama kwathunthu ndi kuyandama pang'ono.
4. Ndodo yolumikizira pistoni: ndodo yolumikizira ya pistoni ndi crankshaft, yogawidwa m'magulu awiri: mutu waukulu ndi mutu waung'ono mbali zonse ziwiri, mutu waung'ono wolumikizidwa ku pistoni, mutu waukulu wolumikizidwa ku crankshaft.
5. Chogwirira ndodo cholumikizira: chinthu chopaka mafuta chomwe chayikidwa pamutu waukulu wa ndodo yolumikizira.
6. Boluti yolumikizira ndodo: boluti yomwe imakonza mbali yaikulu ya ndodo yolumikizira pa crankshaft.
Mphete ya pistoni ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri mkati mwa injini yamafuta, iyo ndi silinda, pistoni, khoma la silinda pamodzi kuti amalize kusindikiza mpweya wamafuta. Mainjini agalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya injini za dizilo ndi petulo, chifukwa cha magwiridwe awo osiyanasiyana amafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphete za pistoni sikofanana, mphete zoyambirira za pistoni zimapangidwa ndi kuponyera, koma ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, mphete za pistoni zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zinabadwa, ndipo ndi ntchito ya injini, zofunikira zachilengedwe zikupitilirabe kusintha, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zochizira pamwamba, monga kupopera kutentha, electroplating, chrome plating, ndi zina zotero. Kupaka mafuta m'magasi, kuyika thupi, kuphimba pamwamba, chithandizo cha zinc manganese phosphating, ndi zina zotero, kumathandizira kwambiri ntchito ya mphete ya pistoni.
Pini ya pistoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza pistoni ku ndodo yolumikizira ndikupereka mphamvu pa pistoni ku ndodo yolumikizira kapena mosemphanitsa.
Pini ya pistoni imakhudzidwa ndi katundu waukulu nthawi ndi nthawi pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chakuti ngodya yozungulira ya pini ya pistoni mu dzenje la pini si yayikulu, zimakhala zovuta kupanga filimu yopaka mafuta, kotero kuti mafutawo ndi oipa. Pachifukwa ichi, pini ya pistoni iyenera kukhala yolimba, yolimba komanso yolimba mokwanira. Kulemera kwake ndi kochepa momwe zingathere, ndipo pini ndi dzenje la pini ziyenera kukhala ndi mipata yofanana komanso mawonekedwe abwino pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, kuuma kwa pini ya pistoni ndikofunikira kwambiri, ngati kusintha kwa pini ya pistoni, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mpando wa pini ya pistoni.
Mwachidule, momwe pini ya pistoni imagwirira ntchito ndichakuti chiŵerengero cha kuthamanga ndi chachikulu, filimu yamafuta singathe kupangidwa, ndipo kusintha kwake sikukugwirizana. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kamafunikira mphamvu zokwanira zamakaniko ndi kukana kutopa, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yotopa.
Thupi la ndodo yolumikizira limapangidwa ndi magawo atatu, ndipo gawo lolumikizidwa ndi pini ya pistoni limatchedwa mutu waung'ono wa ndodo yolumikizira; Gawo lolumikizidwa ndi crankshaft limatchedwa mutu waukulu wa ndodo yolumikizira, ndipo gawo lolumikiza mutu waung'ono ndi mutu waukulu limatchedwa thupi la ndodo yolumikizira.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka pakati pa mutu waung'ono ndi pini ya pistoni, bushing ya mkuwa yokhala ndi makoma owonda imakanikizidwa mu dzenje laling'ono la mutu. Bowola kapena mphero imabowola mitu yaying'ono ndi ma bushings kuti mafuta alowe pamwamba pa pini yopaka mafuta ya pistoni.
Thupi la ndodo yolumikizira ndi lalitali, ndipo mphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito ndi yayikulu, kuti ipewe kupindika kwake, thupi la ndodo liyenera kukhala lolimba mokwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, thupi la ndodo yolumikizira la injini ya galimoto nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito gawo la mawonekedwe I, lomwe lingachepetse kulemera kwake malinga ngati kulimba ndi mphamvu zake zili zokwanira, ndipo injini yamphamvu kwambiri ili ndi gawo looneka ngati H. Ma injini ena amagwiritsa ntchito pistoni yozizira ya mafuta olumikizira ndodo yaying'ono, yomwe iyenera kubooledwa kudzera m'bowo lalitali m'thupi la ndodo. Pofuna kupewa kupsinjika, thupi la ndodo yolumikizira, mutu waung'ono ndi mutu waukulu zimalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kozungulira kosalala.
Kuti injini ichepetse kugwedezeka, kusiyana kwa mtundu wa ndodo yolumikizira silinda kuyenera kukhala kochepa, mu fakitale ya injini, nthawi zambiri mu magalamu ngati gawo loyezera malinga ndi kulemera kwakukulu ndi kochepa kwa ndodo yolumikizira, injini yomweyo yosankha gulu lomwelo la ndodo yolumikizira.
Pa injini ya mtundu wa V, masilinda ofanana omwe ali m'mizere yakumanzere ndi yakumanja amagawana crank pin, ndipo ndodo yolumikizira ili ndi mitundu itatu: ndodo yolumikizira yofanana, ndodo yolumikizira ya foloko ndi ndodo yolumikizira yayikulu ndi yothandizira.
Matailosi omwe amaikidwa pa mabulaketi okhazikika a crankshaft ndi cylinder block ndipo amachita gawo la kuberekera ndi kudzola nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma crankshaft bearing pads.
Chogwirira cha crankshaft nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: chogwirira (Chithunzi 1) ndi chogwirira cha flange (Chithunzi 2). Chogwirira cha flange sichimangothandiza ndi kudzola mafuta a crankshaft, komanso chimagwira ntchito ngati malo ozungulira a crankshaft (pakhoza kukhala malo amodzi okha pa crankshaft kuti muyike chipangizo chogwirira cha axial).
Tikagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo olumikizira ndodo, tidzapeza kuti pali mavuto ambiri ndi mabotolo olumikizira ndodo, padzakhala mavuto owoneka, mavuto a kutalika kwa kulekerera, mavuto osweka, mavuto a ulusi wa dzino, mavuto omwe amapezeka panthawi yoyika, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuyesa boluti yolumikizira, kupeza komwe vuto lili ndikulisintha. Kuyesa boluti yolumikizira ndodo kumafuna njira. Boluti yolumikizira ndodo ndi boluti yofunika kwambiri yomwe imalumikiza mpando wolumikizira wa ndodo yolumikizira ndi chivundikiro cha bearing. Boluti yolumikizira ndodo imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokweza zinthu pokonzekera, ndipo boluti yolumikizira ndodo imayendetsedwanso ndi mphamvu yobwezera pamene injini ya dizilo ya stroke inayi ikugwira ntchito. M'mimba mwake mwa boluti yolumikizira ndodo ndi yaying'ono chifukwa imachepetsedwa ndi m'mimba mwake mwa crank pin ndi kukula kwa khonde lakunja la ndodo yolumikizira.
Bolodi yomwe imalumikiza chivundikiro cha ndodo yolumikizira yogawanika ndi mbali yaikulu ya ndodo yolumikizira. Pa mabearing awiri aliwonse, mabolodi awiri kapena anayi olumikizira ndodo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwateteza. Mtundu wa bolodi umasiyana. Mutu nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi malo oimikapo kapena chipika chozungulira kuti chiyikidwe ndikuyikidwa ndi pamwamba pothandizira bearing kuti bolodi yolumikizira isazungulire pomangirira nati. M'mimba mwake mwa thupi la bolodi pamwamba pa gawo lililonse la bearing ndi waukulu, kotero kuti ikhoza kuyikidwa ndi dzenje la bolodi panthawi yosonkhanitsa; M'mimba mwake mwa gawo lonse la thupi la bolodi ndodo ndi wocheperapo kuposa m'mimba mwake mwa dzenje la bolodi, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kotalika, kotero kuti katundu wa gawo la ulusi ukhoza kuchepetsedwa pamene katundu wopindika ndi wokhudza wanyamulidwa. Gawo la ulusi nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wosalala molondola kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa kuti ulusi usamasuke, boluti yolumikizira ndodo imakhala ndi chipangizo choletsa kumasula, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsukira chotsukira, chotsukira choletsa kumasula ndi chopaka mkuwa pamwamba pa ulusi. Maboluti olumikizira ndodo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi katundu wosinthana, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kusweka kwa kutopa, zomwe zingayambitse zotsatirapo zoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha alloy chapamwamba kwambiri kapena chitsulo cha carbon chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mutachitenthetsa kutentha, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti muwone kulimba kwake kuti mupewe kumasuka; Yang'anani nthawi zonse ngati pali ming'alu ndi kutalika kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi ngati pakufunika. Mukayika, ndikofunikira kuwoloka ndikulimbitsa pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yomangidwira, yomwe singakhale yayikulu kwambiri kapena yaying'ono kwambiri, kuti mupewe ngozi monga kusweka kwa boluti ya ndodo pantchito.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa zida zamagalimoto za MG&MAUXS zomwe zikulandiridwa kugula.
