Kodi piston assembly imakhala ndi chiyani?
Msonkhano wa pisitoni ndi gawo lofunikira la injini yamagalimoto, yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zotsatirazi:
1. Pistoni: Ndi gawo la chipinda choyaka moto ndipo ili ndi ma ring grooves angapo kuti muyike mphete ya pistoni.
2. Mphete ya pisitoni: Imayikidwa pa pisitoni kuti isindikize, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphete yamafuta ndi mphete yamafuta.
3. Piston Piston: Kulumikiza pisitoni ndi mutu wawung'ono wa ndodo yolumikizira pisitoni, pali njira ziwiri zoyandama komanso zoyandama.
4. Ndodo yolumikizira pisitoni: ndodo yolumikizira pisitoni ndi crankshaft, yogawidwa kukhala mutu waukulu ndi mutu wawung'ono kumbali zonse ziwiri, mutu wawung'ono wolumikizidwa ndi pisitoni, mutu waukulu wolumikizidwa ndi crankshaft.
5. Kulumikiza ndodo: gawo lopaka mafuta lomwe limayikidwa pamutu waukulu wa ndodo yolumikizira.
6. Bawuti yolumikizira ndodo: bawuti yomwe imakonza kumapeto kwakukulu kwa ndodo yolumikizira pa crankshaft.
Mphete ya pistoni ndiye gawo lalikulu mkati mwa injini yamafuta, iyo ndi silinda, pisitoni, khoma la silinda limodzi kuti amalize kusindikiza kwamafuta. Injini zamagalimoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya injini za dizilo ndi mafuta, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana amafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphete za pistoni sikufanana, mphete zoyambira za pistoni zimapangidwa ndi kuponyera, koma ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri. mphete za pisitoni zinabadwa, ndipo ndi ntchito ya injiniyo, zofunikira zachilengedwe zikupitilirabe bwino, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba zamankhwala, monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, electroplating, chrome plating, etc. Nitriding ya gasi, kuyika thupi, zokutira pamwamba, nthaka manganese. mankhwala phosphating, etc., kwambiri kusintha ntchito ya mphete pisitoni.
Piston imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza pisitoni ku ndodo yolumikizira ndikudutsa mphamvu pa pisitoni ku ndodo yolumikizira kapena mosemphanitsa.
Pini ya pistoni imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu nthawi ndi nthawi pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa kugwedezeka kwa Piston kwa pini pabowo sikwakulu, zimakhala zovuta kupanga filimu yopaka mafuta, kotero kuti mafuta amafuta ndi oipa. Pachifukwa ichi, pistoni iyenera kukhala ndi kuuma kokwanira, mphamvu ndi kukana kuvala. Unyinji wake ndi wawung'ono momwe ungathere, ndipo pini ndi bowo la pini ziyenera kukhala ndi mipata yoyenera yofananira ndi mawonekedwe abwino pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, kuuma kwa piston ndikofunikira kwambiri, ngati piston yopindika yopindika, imatha kuwononga mpando wa piston.
Mwachidule, momwe ntchito ya pistoni ya pistoni imagwirira ntchito ndikuti chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika ndi chachikulu, filimu ya mafuta sungapangidwe, ndipo kusinthika sikunagwirizane. Choncho, mapangidwe ake amafuna mphamvu zokwanira zamakina ndi kuvala kukana, komanso mphamvu yotopa kwambiri.
Thupi la ndodo yolumikizira limapangidwa ndi magawo atatu, ndipo gawo lolumikizidwa ndi pistoni limatchedwa ndodo yolumikizira mutu wawung'ono; Mbali yolumikizidwa ndi crankshaft imatchedwa mutu waukulu wa ndodo yolumikizira, ndipo gawo lolumikiza mutu waung'ono ndi mutu waukulu umatchedwa thupi la ndodo yolumikizira.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuvala pakati pa mutu wawung'ono ndi pistoni, chitsamba chopyapyala chokhala ndi mipanda yamkuwa chimakanikizidwa mu dzenje laling'ono lamutu. Boolani kapena mphero mumitu ing'onoing'ono ndi tchire kuti mafuta alowe m'malo okwerera a pini ya piston.
Thupi la ndodo yolumikizira ndi ndodo yayitali, ndipo mphamvu yogwira ntchitoyo imakhalanso yayikulu, pofuna kupewa kupindika kwake, thupi la ndodo liyenera kukhala ndi kuuma kokwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, ndodo yolumikizira thupi la injini yagalimoto nthawi zambiri imatenga gawo la mawonekedwe I, lomwe limatha kuchepetsa misa ngati kuuma ndi mphamvu ndizokwanira, ndipo injini yamphamvu kwambiri imakhala ndi gawo lopangidwa ndi H. Ma injini ena amagwiritsa ntchito pisitoni yolumikizira ndodo yaying'ono yojambulira mafuta, yomwe imayenera kubowoleredwa kudzera mu dzenje lotalikirapo mu ndodo. Pofuna kupewa kupsinjika maganizo, thupi la ndodo yolumikizira, mutu wawung'ono ndi mutu waukulu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kozungulira kosalala.
Kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kwa injini, kusiyana kwamtundu wa ndodo yolumikizira ya silinda kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, pagulu la injini ya fakitale, nthawi zambiri mu magalamu ngati gawo la kuyeza molingana ndi misa yayikulu ndi yaying'ono. ndodo yolumikizira, injini yomweyo kusankha gulu lomwelo la ndodo yolumikizira.
Pa injini ya V-mtundu, masilindala ofananira kumanzere ndi kumanja amagawana pini, ndipo ndodo yolumikizira ili ndi mitundu itatu: ndodo yolumikizirana, ndodo yolumikizira mphanda ndi ndodo yayikulu komanso yothandizira.
Ma matailosi omwe amaikidwa pamabulaketi okhazikika a crankshaft ndi cylinder block ndipo amasewera ndi kunyamula mafuta nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma crankshaft bearing pads.
Kubereka kwa crankshaft nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kubereka (Chithunzi 1) ndi kubereka kwa flanged (Chithunzi 2). Flanged bushing bushing silingangothandizira ndi kudzoza crankshaft, komanso imagwira ntchito ngati axial positioning ya crankshaft (pakhoza kukhala malo amodzi okha pa crankshaft kuti akhazikitse chipangizo cha axial positioning).
Tikamagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zolumikizira ndodo, tidzapeza kuti pali zovuta zambiri zolumikizira ndodo, padzakhala zovuta zowoneka, zovuta za kutalika kwa kulolerana, mavuto a fracture, mavuto a ulusi wa mano, mavuto omwe amapezeka pakuyika, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuyesa bolt yolumikizira ndodo, fufuzani komwe kuli vuto ndikusintha. Kuyesa kolumikizira ndodo kumafunikira njira. Cholumikizira ndodo ndi bawuti yofunikira yomwe imalumikiza mpando wakumbuyo waukulu wa ndodo yolumikizira ndi chivundikiro chonyamula. Bawuti ya ndodo yolumikizira imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yojambulitsa panthawi yolumikizana, ndipo bawuti yolumikizira imayendetsedwanso ndi mphamvu yobwereza pomwe injini ya dizilo ya sitiroko inayi ikugwira ntchito. Kutalika kwa bawuti yolumikizira ndodo ndi yaying'ono chifukwa imachepetsedwa ndi kukula kwa pini yolumikizira komanso kukula kwa khonde lakumapeto kwakukulu kwa ndodo yolumikizira.
Bawuti yomwe imalumikiza chivundikiro cha ndodo yolumikizira kugawo lalikulu la ndodo yolumikizira. Pazigawo ziwiri zilizonse, mabawuti a ndodo ziwiri kapena zinayi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atetezedwe. Mtundu wa bawuti umasiyanasiyana. Mutu nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi ndege yoyikapo kapena chipika choyikapo kuti akhazikike ndi kuyikapo ndi gawo lothandizira kuteteza ndodo yolumikizira kuti isazungulire polimbitsa nati. Kuzama kwa thupi la ndodo ya bawuti pagawo lililonse la gawolo ndi lalikulu, kotero kuti likhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi bowo la bawuti pakusonkhana; Kutalika kwa gawo lonse la ndodo ya bawuti ndi yaying'ono kuposa kukula kwa dzenje la bawuti, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kotalika, kotero kuti katundu wa ulusi ukhoza kuchepetsedwa pamene kupindika ndi kukhudzidwa kumanyamula. Mbali ya ulusi nthawi zambiri imatenga ulusi wabwino kwambiri wolondola kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa kulumikiza kwa ulusi kuti zisamasulidwe, bolt yolumikizira imakhala ndi chipangizo chosatha choletsa kumasula, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala pini ya cotter, washer wotsutsa kumasula ndi plating yamkuwa pamwamba pa ulusi. Zomangira ndodo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi katundu wosinthasintha, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga kutopa ndikusweka, zomwe zingayambitse zovuta kwambiri. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za aloyi kapena zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za carbon, komanso pambuyo poyambitsa kutentha kwa kutentha. Poyang'anira, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa poyang'ana kulimba kwake kuti asamasulidwe; Nthawi zonse disassembly fufuzani kuti ming'alu ndi kwambiri elongation, etc., ayenera m'malo mu nthawi ngati n'koyenera. Mukayika, ndikofunikira kuwoloka ndikumangitsa pang'onopang'ono molingana ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira isanakwane, yomwe singakhale yayikulu kapena yaying'ono kwambiri, kuti mupewe ngozi monga kusweka kwa ndodo.
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