Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mfundo ya fan yozizira yamagalimoto
1. Pamene sensa yotenthetsera ya thanki (kwenikweni valavu yowongolera kutentha, osati sensa yoyezera kutentha ya madzi) yazindikira kuti kutentha kwa thankiyo kwapitirira malire (makamaka madigiri 95), fan relay imagwira ntchito;
2. Chigawo cha fan chimalumikizidwa kudzera mu fan relay, ndipo mota ya fan imayamba.
3. Pamene sensa ya kutentha kwa thanki yamadzi yazindikira kuti kutentha kwa thanki yamadzi kuli kotsika kuposa malire, fan relay imalekanitsidwa ndipo fan motor imasiya kugwira ntchito.
Chinthu chokhudzana ndi ntchito ya fan ndi kutentha kwa thanki, ndipo kutentha kwa thanki sikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kutentha kwa madzi a injini.
Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mfundo ya fan yoziziritsira magalimoto: makina oziziritsira magalimoto ali ndi mitundu iwiri.
Kuziziritsa madzi ndi kuziziritsa mpweya. Dongosolo loziziritsa la galimoto yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi limazungulira madzi kudzera m'mapaipi ndi njira mu injini. Madzi akamayenda kudzera mu injini yotentha, amayamwa kutentha ndikuziziritsa injini. Madziwo akadutsa mu injini, amasamutsidwira ku chosinthira kutentha (kapena radiator), chomwe kutentha kuchokera ku madziwo kumafalikira mumlengalenga. Kuziziritsa mpweya Magalimoto ena akale ankagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woziziritsa mpweya, koma magalimoto amakono sagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. M'malo mozungulira madzi kudzera mu injini, njira yoziziritsirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mapepala a aluminiyamu omwe amamangiriridwa pamwamba pa masilinda a injini kuti aziziritse. Mafani amphamvu amapumira mpweya m'mapepala a aluminiyamu, ndikutulutsa kutentha mumlengalenga wopanda kanthu, zomwe zimaziziritsa injini. Chifukwa magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa madzi, magalimoto a ductwork amakhala ndi mapaipi ambiri mu dongosolo lawo loziziritsira.
Pambuyo poti pampu yapereka madziwo ku injini, madziwo amayamba kuyenda kudzera munjira za injini kuzungulira silinda. Madziwo amabwerera ku thermostat kudzera mu mutu wa silinda ya injini, komwe amatuluka mu injini. Ngati thermostat yazimitsidwa, madziwo adzayenda molunjika kupita ku pampu kudzera m'mapaipi ozungulira thermostat. Ngati thermostat yayatsidwa, madziwo amayamba kuyenda mu radiator kenako n’kubwerera mu pampu.
Dongosolo lotenthetsera lilinso ndi kayendedwe kosiyana. Kayendedwe kake kamayambira pamutu wa silinda ndipo kamadyetsa madzi kudzera mu chotenthetsera asanabwerere ku pampu. Pa magalimoto omwe ali ndi ma transmission odziyimira pawokha, nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira yosiyana yozungulira kuti aziziritse mafuta otumizira omwe ali mu radiator. Mafuta otumizira amapopedwa ndi gear kudzera mu chosinthira kutentha china mu radiator. Madziwo amatha kugwira ntchito kutentha kwakukulu kuyambira pansi pa zero digiri Celsius mpaka pamwamba pa 38 digiri Celsius.
Chifukwa chake, madzi aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa injini ayenera kukhala ndi malo ozizira otsika kwambiri, malo otentha kwambiri, komanso okhoza kuyamwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Madzi ndi amodzi mwa madzi abwino kwambiri kuyamwa kutentha, koma malo ozizira a madzi ndi okwera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pa injini zamagalimoto. Madzi omwe magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndi osakaniza madzi ndi ethylene glycol (c2h6o2), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti coolant. Powonjezera ethylene glycol m'madzi, malo otentha amatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri ndipo malo ozizira amatha kutsika.
Nthawi iliyonse injini ikayamba kugwira ntchito, pampu imazungulira madzi. Mofanana ndi mapampu a centrifugal omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto, pamene pampu ikuzungulira, imapompa madziwo kunja pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal ndipo nthawi zonse imayamwa pakati. Malo olowera a pampu amakhala pafupi ndi pakati kotero kuti madzi omwe akuchokera ku radiator amatha kukhudza masamba a pampu. Masamba a pampu amanyamula madziwo kupita kunja kwa pampu, komwe amalowa mu injini. Madzi ochokera ku pampu amayamba kuyenda kudzera mu block ya injini ndi mutu, kenako kulowa mu radiator, kenako kubwerera ku pampu. Block ya silinda ya injini ndi mutu wake zili ndi njira zingapo zopangidwa kuchokera ku casting kapena kupanga makina kuti zithandize kuyenda kwa madzi.
Ngati madzi omwe ali m'mapaipi awa akuyenda bwino, madzi okhawo omwe akhudzana ndi chitoliro ndi omwe adzaziziritsidwa mwachindunji. Kutentha komwe kumasamutsidwa kuchokera kumadzi omwe akuyenda kudzera mu chitoliro kupita ku chitoliro kumadalira kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa chitoliro ndi madzi omwe akukhudza chitolirocho. Chifukwa chake, ngati madzi omwe akhudzana ndi chitolirocho aziziritsidwa mwachangu, kutentha komwe kumasamutsidwa kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri. Madzi onse omwe ali mu chitolirocho angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino popanga kugwedezeka mu chitolirocho, kusakaniza madzi onse, ndikusunga madziwo kuti aziziritsa chitolirocho kutentha kwambiri kuti atenge kutentha kwambiri.
Choziziritsira cha magiya chimafanana kwambiri ndi choziziritsira cha mu radiator, koma mafuta sasinthana kutentha ndi mpweya, koma ndi choziziritsira cha mu radiator. Chophimba cha thanki yokakamiza Chophimba cha thanki yokakamiza chikhoza kuwonjezera kutentha kwa choziziritsira cha mu radiator ndi 25℃.
Ntchito yaikulu ya thermostat ndikutenthetsa injini mwachangu ndikusunga kutentha kosasintha. Izi zimachitika posintha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda kudzera mu radiator. Pa kutentha kochepa, chotulutsira radiator chidzatsekedwa kwathunthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti antifreeze yonse idzazungulira mu injini. Kutentha kwa antifreeze kukakwera kufika pa 82-91 C, thermostat idzayatsidwa, zomwe zimalola madzi kuyenda kudzera mu radiator. Kutentha kwa antifreeze kukafika pa 93-103 ℃, chowongolera kutentha chidzakhala choyatsidwa nthawi zonse.
Fani yoziziritsira imafanana ndi thermostat, kotero iyenera kusinthidwa kuti injini ikhale pa kutentha kofanana. Magalimoto oyendetsa mawilo akutsogolo amakhala ndi mafani amagetsi chifukwa injini nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mopingasa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya injini imayang'ana mbali ya galimotoyo.
Fani ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi chosinthira cha thermostatic kapena kompyuta ya injini. Kutentha kukakwera pamwamba pa malo oikidwiratu, mafani awa adzayatsidwa. Kutentha kukatsika pansi pa mtengo woikidwiratu, mafani awa adzazimitsidwa. Fani yoziziritsira Magalimoto oyendetsa mawilo akumbuyo okhala ndi mainjini a longitudinal nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafani ozizira oyendetsedwa ndi injini. Mafani awa ali ndi ma clutch okhuthala a thermostatic. Clutch ili pakati pa fan, yozunguliridwa ndi mpweya wochokera ku radiator. Clutch yapadera iyi nthawi zina imakhala ngati cholumikizira chokhuthala cha galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo onse. Galimoto ikatentha kwambiri, tsegulani mawindo onse ndikuyendetsa chotenthetsera pamene fan ikuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa makina otenthetsera ndi makina oziziritsira achiwiri, omwe amatha kuwonetsa momwe makina oziziritsira akuluakulu alili pagalimoto.
Makina Otenthetsera Ma heater bellows omwe ali pa dashboard ya galimoto kwenikweni ndi radiator yaying'ono. Fan yotenthetsera imatumiza mpweya wopanda kanthu kudzera mu heater bellows ndikulowa m'chipinda chonyamulira anthu m'galimoto. Ma heater bellows amafanana ndi ma radiator ang'onoang'ono. Ma heater bellows amayamwa thermal antifreeze kuchokera ku silinda head kenako nkuibwezeretsa mu pampu kuti heater izitha kugwira ntchito thermostat ikayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa.
