Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mfundo ya fan yoziziritsa yamagalimoto
1. Pamene sensa ya kutentha kwa thanki (kwenikweni valavu yoyendetsera kutentha, osati kutentha kwa kutentha kwa madzi) imazindikira kuti kutentha kwa thanki kumapitirira malire (makamaka madigiri 95), kutumizirana mafani kumakhudza;
2. Dongosolo la mafani limalumikizidwa kudzera pa fani ya fani, ndipo injini ya fan imayamba.
3. Pamene sensa ya kutentha kwa thanki yamadzi iwona kuti kutentha kwa thanki yamadzi ndikotsika kuposa pakhomo, cholumikizira cha fan chimalekanitsidwa ndipo injini ya fan imasiya kugwira ntchito.
Chomwe chikugwirizana ndi ntchito ya fan ndi kutentha kwa thanki, ndipo kutentha kwa thanki sikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kutentha kwa madzi a injini.
Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mfundo ya fan yoziziritsa magalimoto: makina oziziritsa magalimoto amaphatikiza mitundu iwiri.
Kuziziritsa kwamadzi ndi kuziziritsa mpweya. Dongosolo lozizirira la galimoto yoziziritsidwa ndi madzi imazungulira madziwo kudzera m'mapaipi ndi ngalande mu injini. Madzi akamadutsa mu injini yotentha, amayamwa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa injiniyo. Madziwo akadutsa mu injini, amapatutsidwa kupita ku chotenthetsera kutentha (kapena radiator), momwe kutentha kwamadzimadzi kumatayikira mumlengalenga. Kuziziritsa mpweya Magalimoto ena akale ankagwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira mpweya, koma magalimoto amakono sagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. M'malo mozungulira madzi kudzera mu injini, njira yoziziritsira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mapepala a aluminiyamu omwe amamangiriridwa pamwamba pa masilinda a injini kuti aziziziritsa. Mafani amphamvu amawuzira mpweya m'mapepala a aluminiyamu, kutulutsa kutentha mumpweya wopanda kanthu, womwe umaziziritsa injiniyo. Chifukwa magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwamadzi, magalimoto opangira ma ductwork amakhala ndi mapaipi ambiri munjira yawo yozizirira.
Pampu ikapereka madziwo ku chipika cha injini, madziwo amayamba kuyenda kudzera munjira za injini kuzungulira silinda. Kenako madziwa amabwerera ku thermostat kudzera pamutu wa silinda wa injiniyo, kumene amatuluka mu injiniyo. Ngati chotenthetsera chazimitsidwa, madzimadziwo amabwereranso ku mpope kudzera mu mapaipi ozungulira chotenthetseracho. Ngati chotenthetsera chiyatsidwa, madziwo amayamba kulowa mu rediyeta ndikubwereranso mu mpope.
Makina otenthetsera alinso ndi kuzungulira kosiyana. Kuzungulira kumayambira pamutu wa silinda ndikudyetsa madziwo kudzera mu mavuvu a chotenthetsera asanabwerere ku mpope. Kwa magalimoto okhala ndi ma transmissions odziwikiratu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira yozungulira yolumikizira mafuta omwe amapangidwa mu radiator. Mafuta otumizira amapopedwa ndi kufalikira kudzera mu chotenthetsera china mu radiator. Madziwo amatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera pansi pa zero madigiri Celsius mpaka kupitirira 38 digiri Celsius.
Choncho, madzi aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa injini ayenera kukhala ndi malo oundana otsika kwambiri, malo owira kwambiri, komanso amatha kuyamwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Madzi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimatha kuyamwa kutentha, koma madzi oundana amakhala okwera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe injini zamagalimoto zimafunikira. Madzi omwe magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndi osakaniza amadzi ndi ethylene glycol (c2h6o2), omwe amadziwikanso kuti ozizira. Powonjezera ethylene glycol m'madzi, malo otentha amatha kuwonjezereka kwambiri ndipo kuzizira kumatsika.
Nthawi zonse injini ikugwira ntchito, pampu imazungulira madziwo. Mofanana ndi mapampu a centrifugal omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto, pamene pampu imazungulira, imatulutsa madzi kunja ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal ndikuyamwa nthawi zonse pakati. Kulowera kwa mpope kumakhala pafupi ndi pakati kuti madzi obwera kuchokera ku radiator azitha kulumikizana ndi mapampu. Mapampu amanyamula madziwa kupita kunja kwa mpope, kumene amalowa mu injini. Madzi ochokera pampopu amayamba kuyenda kudzera mu chipika cha injini ndi mutu, kenako kulowa mu radiator, ndipo pamapeto pake amabwereranso ku mpope. Chida cha silinda ya injini ndi mutu zili ndi njira zingapo zopangidwa kuchokera ku kuponyera kapena kupanga makina kuti zithandizire kuyenda kwamadzi.
Ngati madzi a m'mipopewa akuyenda bwino, madzi okhawo omwe akhudzana ndi chitoliro ndi omwe adzazirala mwachindunji. Kutentha komwe kumachokera kumadzi omwe akuyenda mupaipi kupita ku chitoliro kumadalira kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa chitoliro ndi madzi okhudza chitoliro. Choncho, ngati madzi akukhudzana ndi chitoliro utakhazikika mwamsanga, kutentha anasamutsa adzakhala ochepa. Madzi onse omwe ali mupaipi angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino popanga chipwirikiti mu chitoliro, kusakaniza madzi onse, ndi kusunga madziwo akukhudzana ndi chitoliro pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti atenge kutentha kwambiri.
Chozizira chotumizira chimakhala chofanana kwambiri ndi radiator mu radiator, kupatula kuti mafuta samasinthanitsa kutentha ndi thupi la mpweya, koma ndi antifreeze mu radiator. Chivundikiro cha tanki yopondereza Chivundikiro cha tanki yopondereza chikhoza kuwonjezera kuwira kwa antifreeze ndi 25 ℃.
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thermostat ndikutenthetsa injini mwachangu ndikusunga kutentha kosalekeza. Izi zimatheka mwa kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda kudzera pa radiator. Pamatenthedwe otsika, chotulutsa cha radiator chidzatsekedwa kwathunthu, kutanthauza kuti antifreeze yonse imazungulira mu injini. Kutentha kwa antifreeze kukakwera mpaka 82-91 C, chotenthetsera chidzayatsidwa, chomwe chimalola kuti madziwo aziyenda kudzera pa radiator. Kutentha kwa antifreeze kukafika pa 93-103 ℃, chowongolera kutentha chimakhala choyaka.
Chotenthetsera chozizira chimakhala chofanana ndi chotenthetsera chotenthetsera, choncho chiyenera kusinthidwa kuti injini ikhale yotentha nthawi zonse. Magalimoto oyendetsa ma gudumu akutsogolo amakhala ndi mafani amagetsi chifukwa injini nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mopingasa, kutanthauza kuti kutulutsa kwa injini kumayang'ana mbali ya galimotoyo.
The zimakupiza akhoza kusinthidwa ndi thermostatic lophimba kapena injini kompyuta. Kutentha kukakwera pamwamba pa malo oikidwa, mafanizi awa adzayatsidwa. Kutentha kukatsika pansi pa mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, mafanizi awa adzazimitsidwa. Zozizira zozizira Magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu akumbuyo okhala ndi mainjini otalika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafani oziziritsa omwe amayendetsedwa ndi injini. Mafani awa ali ndi ma thermostatic viscous clutches. Clutch ili pakatikati pa fani, yozunguliridwa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya kuchokera ku radiator. Clutch yotchedwa viscous clutch nthawi zina imakhala ngati viscous coupler ya galimoto yoyendetsa magudumu onse. Galimoto ikatenthedwa, tsegulani Mawindo onse ndikuyendetsa chotenthetsera pamene fani ikuthamanga kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti makina otenthetsera ndi njira yoziziritsira yachiwiri, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa momwe zimakhalira pagalimoto yayikulu.
Dongosolo la Heater Mivuto ya heater yomwe ili pa dashboard ya galimotoyo kwenikweni ndi radiator yaying'ono. Chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chimatumiza mpweya wopanda kanthu kudzera mu mvuto za chotenthetsera ndi kulowa m'chipinda chokwera galimoto. Ma heater amafanana ndi ma radiator ang'onoang'ono. Mawotchiwa amayamwa antifreeze kuchokera pamutu wa silinda ndikubwezeretsanso mu mpope kuti chotenthetsera chizitha kuthamanga pamene chotenthetsera chayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa.
