Kodi ntchito ndi mfundo ya fyuluta ya mafuta a injini ya galimoto ndi yotani?
Chosefera mafuta ndiye chinthu chachikulu mu chosefera mafuta. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusefa zinyalala mu mafuta kuti akhale oyera, potero kuteteza injini kuti isawonongeke. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imadalira mgwirizano wa njira zosiyanasiyana zosefera thupi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya chinthu chosefera mafuta
Kulekanitsa makina (njira yosefera pakati): Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa chinthu chosefera mafuta kamagwiritsa ntchito pepala losefera lokonzedwa mwapadera lodzazidwa ndi utomoni ndikutenthedwa. Pamene pampu ya mafuta ikakankhira mafuta ndi zinthu zosafunika mu fyuluta, mafutawo amakakamizika kudutsa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono a pepala losefera pansi pa kukakamizidwa. Zinyalala zachitsulo, fumbi, tinthu ta kaboni, chingamu, ndi zinthu zina zosafunika mu mafuta, zomwe ndi zazikulu kuposa mabowo a pepala losefera, zimasungidwa ndikumizidwa mbali yakunja kapena yamkati ya pepala losefera, pomwe mafuta oyera amatuluka pakati pa pepala losefera ndikulowanso mu makina odzola a injini.
Kubwezeretsa mwadzidzidzi pogwiritsa ntchito valavu yodutsa: Pamene chinthu chosefera chatsekedwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zosafunika kapena injini ikayamba kuzizira pamene mafuta akukhuthala kwambiri, valavu yodutsa pansi pa chinthu chosefera imatsegulidwa. Panthawiyi, mafutawo amadutsa pepala lotsekera lomwe latsekedwa ndikuyenda mwachindunji munjira yayikulu yamafuta kuti atsimikizire kuti zigawo zofunika za injini sizikuvutika ndi kusowa kwa mafuta ndi kuwonongeka. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti panthawiyi, mafutawo sanasefedwe ndipo adzathiranso zina mwa zinthu zosafunika zomwe zasungidwa mu injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafutawo awonongeke.
Ukadaulo wothandizira kusefera: Kuwonjezera pa kusefera kwamakina kofala, zinthu zina zosefera zogwira ntchito bwino zimaphatikizanso ukadaulo wina kuti ziwonjezere magwiridwe antchito osefera:
Kulowetsa kwa maginito: Tinthu ta chitsulo cha maginito mu mafuta timalowetsedwa makamaka mwa kuyika maginito mkati mwa chinthu chosefera. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti nthawi zambiri timakhala tating'ono komanso tolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini iwonongeke kwambiri.
Kulekanitsa kwa Centrifugal: Mu magalimoto ena olemera kapena zinthu zina zopangidwa mwapadera, fyuluta ya centrifugal imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamafuta kuyendetsa rotor kuti izungulire mwachangu, kudalira mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti ilekanitse zonyansa zokhuthala kupita kukhoma lamkati la rotor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulekanitsidwa kogwira mtima.
Kugwirizana kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu: Kudalirika kwa chinthu chosefera kumadaliranso zigawo zina zazikulu:
Chongani valavu (valavu yoletsa kuyendayenda kwa madzi): Injini ikazima, imaletsa mafuta kubwerera mu poto yamafuta, kuonetsetsa kuti pali mafuta mu fyuluta yoyambira yotsatira, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kozizira koyambira.
Mphete yotsekera: Iyenera kukhala yolimba mafuta komanso yolimba kutentha kuti mafuta asatuluke m'mphepete mwa chinthu chosefera.
Pomaliza, chinthu chosefera mafuta si "chotchinga" chophweka, koma ndi njira yeniyeni yomwe imagwirizanitsa kusefera kwamakina, kubwezeretsa mwadzidzidzi, komanso kulowetsedwa kwapadera. Mwa kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza mumafuta mosalekeza, zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yoyera, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa gwero ndikuwonjezera moyo wa injini.
Kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chosefera mafuta (monga, chosefera mafuta) kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa ntchito ya injini, makamaka pankhani ya mafuta, kuthamanga, magwiridwe antchito, komanso chitetezo.
Zotsatira zazikulu
Kuthamanga kwa mafuta kosazolowereka ndi alamu: Pamene chinthu chosefera chatsekeka, chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa mafuta mwachizolowezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mafuta kugwe ndikuyambitsa kuwala kwa chizindikiro cha mafuta pa dashboard. Nthawi zambiri, pamene chinthu chosefera chatsekeka kwathunthu kapena zinthu zosefera zagwa, zimatha kuyambitsa alamu ya kuthamanga kwa mafuta.
Mafuta oipa a injini: Pamene chinthu chosefera chalephera, sichingathe kusefa bwino zinyalala zachitsulo, mpweya woipa, ndi fumbi mu mafuta, zomwe zimalowa mu injini mwachisawawa ndikupangitsa kuti zinthu monga masilinda, mphete za pistoni, ndi ma crankshafts ziwonongeke, ndipo pazochitika zazikulu, zimapangitsa kuti injini igwire, igwire shaft, kapena ngakhale.
Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini: Kuyenda bwino kwa mafuta kumabweretsa mafuta osakwanira, kukangana kwakukulu mkati mwa injini, komwe kumawonetsedwa ngati kufooka kwa kuyendetsa, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, mafuta osakwanira angayambitsenso phokoso lalikulu.
Kuyima ndi kugwedezeka kwa injini: Poyendetsa kapena kusintha magiya, chifukwa cha mafuta osakwanira, injini imatha kugwedezeka moonekeratu; pa liwiro lopanda ntchito, nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyima mosayembekezereka. Kuwotcha mafuta: Mafuta akamatsekedwa, mafuta ena amadyedwa mopitirira muyeso pamalo otentha kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuyaka kwa mafuta. Izi zimaonekera ngati utsi wabuluu wotuluka mu chitoliro chotulutsa utsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitirira muyeso.
Kukwera kwa kutentha kwa mafuta: Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mafuta odzola komanso kukwera kwa kukangana kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa mafuta kukwere modabwitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta akalamba mofulumira komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu yake yoteteza.
Kuopsa kwa kutayikira kwa mafuta: Zifukwa monga kuwonongeka kwa fyuluta, kukalamba kwa mphete yotsekera, kusayika bwino (monga kusagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mphete yotsekera kawiri, kapena ulusi wosagwirizana) zonsezi zingayambitse kutayikira kwa mafuta. Izi sizimangoipitsa chilengedwe komanso zingayambitse kulephera kwakukulu kwa injini chifukwa cha mafuta osakwanira.
Kuvuta poyambitsa: Ngati fyuluta yamafuta sisinthidwa nthawi zonse kapena yatsekeka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwake kudzachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta asakwanire panthawi yozizira komanso kuyambitsa mavuto poyambitsa.
Chikumbutso chofunikira
Fyuluta yamafuta ndi "mtetezi" wa injini. Ntchito yake ndikusefa zinyalala ndikusunga mafuta oyera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zabodza kapena zosafunikira, kusasintha pa nthawi yake, kapena kuyika molakwika (monga kusayika mafuta, mphete yotsekera kawiri, kapena ulusi wosagwirizana) kudzawonjezera kwambiri zoopsa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamala zofunikira pamanja pokonza galimoto ndikusinthira fyuluta yamafuta yeniyeni komanso yapamwamba nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti injini ikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
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