Kodi ntchito ya sensa ya crankshaft ya galimoto ndi yotani?
Sensa ya crankshaft (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sensa ya liwiro la injini) ndi sensa yaikulu ya makina owongolera zamagetsi a injini. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuzindikira malo a crankshaft, chizindikiro chapakati cha pistoni, ndi liwiro la injini, ndipo imatumiza zizindikiro ku ECU kuti ilamulire kuyaka ndi nthawi yopangira mafuta. Sensa iyi nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa crankshaft, kutsogolo kwa camshaft, flywheel, kapena chogawa. Iyenera kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi sensa ya malo a camshaft.
Malinga ndi mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: mtundu wa magnetic pulse, mtundu wa Hall, ndi mtundu wa photoelectric: Mtundu wa magnetic pulse umapanga chizindikiro cha sine wave poyambitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya maginito kudzera mu disc ya chizindikiro. Mtundu wa Hall umatulutsa chizindikiro cha sikweya pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba loyambitsa. Mtundu wa photoelectric umapanga magetsi a pulse pogwiritsa ntchito transmission ya dzenje lowala. Mtundu wa Hall umafuna magetsi akunja a 5V, ndipo mtundu wa photoelectric umatha kuwonongeka molondola kwa chizindikiro chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta. Zolakwika zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwa chizindikiro komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawaya okalamba, komanso kuvutika kuyamba chifukwa cha sensa yodetsedwa. Zinthu zachilendo zingayambitse kuwala kwa injini ndikupangitsa mphamvu zosakwanira kapena kulephera kuyamba. Njira yamakono yaukadaulo ikuwonetsa kusintha kuchokera ku zizindikiro za analog kupita ku kuzindikira kwa digito.
Mfundo yodziwira malo a crankshaft position sensor ya magnetic pulse type
Sensa ya malo a crankshaft ya Nissan Company yokhala ndi maginito
Sensa yoika crankshaft iyi imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa pulley kumapeto kwa crankshaft. Kumbuyo kwa pulley, pali diski yozungulira yopyapyala yokhala ndi mano opyapyala (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zizindikiro, otchedwa signal disc), yomwe imayikidwa pamodzi ndi crankshaft pulley pa crankshaft ndipo imazungulira ndi crankshaft. Kumbali yakunja kwa diski ya chizindikiro, pali dzino lililonse 4° mozungulira. Pali mano 90, ndipo ma protrusion atatu amakonzedwa pa 120° iliyonse, onse atatu. Bokosi la sensa lomwe limayikidwa m'mphepete mwa diski ya chizindikiro ndi jenereta ya chizindikiro yomwe imapanga chizindikiro chamagetsi. Jenereta ya chizindikiro ili ndi mitu itatu ya maginito yozungulira maginito okhazikika pa coil yolowetsa, komwe mutu wa maginito ② umapanga chizindikiro cha 120°, ndipo mitu ya maginito ① ndi ③ pamodzi amapanga chizindikiro cha ngodya ya 1° crankshaft. Mutu wa maginito ② umayang'ana mbali ya 120° ya diski ya chizindikiro, mutu wa maginito ① ndi ③ zikuyang'ana mphete ya giya ya diski ya chizindikiro, ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la kuyika kwa ngodya ya crankshaft. Jenereta ya chizindikiro ili ndi ma circuits okulitsa ndi kupanga ma signal, ndi cholumikizira chakunja chokhala ndi mabowo anayi, ndi dzenje "1" kukhala mzere wotulutsa ma signal 120°, dzenje "2" kukhala mzere wamagetsi wa dera lokulitsa ndi kupanga ma signal, dzenje "3" kukhala mzere wotulutsa ma signal 1°, ndipo dzenje "4" kukhala mzere wapansi. Kudzera mu cholumikizira ichi, chizindikiro chopangidwa ndi sensa ya malo a crankshaft chimatumizidwa ku ECU.
Injini ikazungulira, mano ndi kutuluka kwa diski ya chizindikiro zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imadutsa mu coil yolowetsa, motero imapanga mphamvu yosinthira ya electromotive mu coil yolowetsa. Pambuyo posefa ndi kupanga mawonekedwe, imakhala chizindikiro cha pulse. Pambuyo pozungulira kamodzi kwa injini, mutu wa maginito ② umapanga zizindikiro 3 za pulse 120°, ndipo mitu ya maginito ① ndi ③ iliyonse imapanga zizindikiro 90 za pulse (zosinthana). Popeza mitu ya maginito ① ndi ③ imayikidwa pa 3° crankshaft angle interval ndipo iliyonse imapanga chizindikiro cha pulse 4° iliyonse, kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa zizindikiro za pulse zopangidwa ndi mitu ya maginito ① ndi ③ ndi 90° yeniyeni. Zizindikiro ziwirizi za pulse zimatumizidwa ku circuit yokulitsa ndi kupanga chizindikiro kuti zipangidwe, kenako chizindikiro cha 1° crankshaft angle chimapangidwa.
Mutu wa maginito ② womwe umapanga chizindikiro cha 120° umayikidwa pa 70° isanafike pakati pa dead, kotero chizindikiro chake chingatchedwenso chizindikiro cha 70° isanafike pakati pa dead, ndiko kuti, panthawi ya injini, mutu wa maginito ② umapanga chizindikiro cha pulse pakati pa dead pamwamba pa silinda iliyonse.
Sensor ya malo a crankshaft ya Toyota Company ya magnetic pulse
Dongosolo la TCCS la Kampani ya Toyota limayika sensa ya magnetic pulse type crankshaft position sensor mu distributor. Sensa imagawidwa m'zigawo zapamwamba ndi zotsika, gawo lapamwamba limapanga chizindikiro cha G, ndipo gawo lotsika limapanga chizindikiro cha Ne, zonse ziwiri pogwiritsa ntchito rotor yokhala ndi mano ozungulira kuti coil yolowetsa chizindikiro cha jenereta isinthe maginito, motero imapanga mphamvu ya electromotive yomwe imayambitsa kusinthana mu coil yolowetsa, yomwe kenako imakulitsidwa ndikutumizidwa ku ECU.
Chizindikiro cha Ne ndi chizindikiro chodziwira ngodya ya crankshaft ndi liwiro la injini, chofanana ndi chizindikiro cha 1° cha sensa ya magnetic pulse ya mtundu wa crankshaft ya Nissan Company. Chizindikirochi chimapangidwa ndi rotor (rotor ya nthawi ya N0.2) yokhazikika pansi ndi mano 24 otalikirana mofanana ndi coil yolumikizirana nayo.
Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, mpweya pakati pa mano ndi gawo la flange (mutu wa maginito) wa sensing coil umasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imadutsa mu sensing coil ndikupanga mphamvu ya electromotive. Mano akayandikira ndikuchoka ku mutu wa maginito, padzakhala kusintha kwa kuchuluka ndi kuchepa kwa magnetic flux, kotero kuti dzino lililonse lipange chizindikiro chathunthu cha AC voltage mu sensing coil ikadutsa mu mutu wa maginito. Rotor ya N0.2 timing ili ndi mano 24, kotero rotor ikazungulira bwalo limodzi lonse (monga, crankshaft imazungulira 720°), sensing coil imapanga zizindikiro za AC voltage 24. Kugunda kamodzi kwa chizindikiro cha Ne mu cycle ndikofanana ndi 30° ya crankshaft rotation (720° ÷ 24 = 30°). Kuzindikira kolondola kwambiri kwa ngodya kumachitika pogawa nthawi yozungulira 30° ndi ECU m'magawo 30 ofanana, motero kupanga chizindikiro chozungulira cha crankshaft 1°. Mofananamo, liwiro la injini limayesedwa ndi ECU kutengera nthawi yomwe yadutsa pakati pa ma pulse awiri a chizindikiro cha Ne (60° crankshaft rotation). Chizindikiro cha G chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ma cylinders ndikupeza malo apamwamba pakati pa piston, ofanana ndi chizindikiro cha 120° cha sensor ya magnetic pulse crankshaft position ya Nissan. Chizindikiro cha G chimapangidwa ndi flange rotor (No.1 timing rotor) pamwamba pa jenereta ya Ne ndi ma symmetrical two sensing coil (G1 sensing coil ndi G2 sensing coil). Mfundo yopangira chizindikiro ndi yofanana ndi ya chizindikiro cha Ne. Chizindikiro cha G chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chizindikiro chofotokozera powerengera ngodya ya crankshaft.
Zizindikiro za G1 ndi G2 motsatana zimazindikira pakati pa silinda yachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi silinda yoyamba. Chifukwa cha malo omwe jenereta ya chizindikiro cha G1 ndi G2 ili, zizindikiro za G1 ndi G2 zikapangidwa, pisitoni siili pamalo enieni pakati pa chachisanu ndi chimodzi (BTDC), koma pamalo 10° patsogolo pa pakati pa chachisanu ndi chimodzi.
Kuzindikira sensa ya malo a magnetic pulse crankshaft
Tengani sensa ya magnetic pulse crankshaft position yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo lowongolera zamagetsi la injini ya 2JZ-GE ya Crown 3.0 sedan ngati chitsanzo kuti muwonetse njira yodziwira.
Kuyang'ana kukana kwa sensa ya malo a crankshaft
Zimitsani choyatsira moto, chotsani cholumikizira cha sensa ya malo a crankshaft, ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa kukana pakati pa ma terminal a sensa ya malo a crankshaft ndi makina ochiritsira a multimeter (Table 1). Ngati kuchuluka kwa kukana sikuli mkati mwa mulingo womwe watchulidwa, sensa ya malo a crankshaft iyenera kusinthidwa.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
