Ntchito ya mita yoyezera mpweya wamagalimoto
Choyezera kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi chodziwitsira chofunikira mu makina owongolera zamagetsi a injini ya galimoto. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyesa kayendedwe ka mpweya komwe kamalowa mu injini nthawi yeniyeni ndikusintha deta iyi kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi kuti chitumizidwe ku unit yowongolera injini (ECU), yomwe ndi maziko ofunikira a ECU kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowetsedwa ndikuwonjezera chiŵerengero cha mpweya ndi mafuta.
Ntchito yaikulu ya mita yoyezera mpweya
Yang'anirani bwino kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa m'mafuta ndikusunga chiŵerengero choyenera cha mpweya ndi mafuta
Kuyaka kwa injini kumafuna kusunga chiŵerengero cha mpweya ndi mafuta (pafupifupi 14.7:1). Deta ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowa yomwe imaperekedwa ndi mita yoyendera mpweya ndiyo maziko "olunjika komanso olondola" a ECU kuti iwerengere kuchuluka kofunikira kwa mafuta olowetsedwa. ECU imalamulira bwino kukula kwa kugunda kwa mafuta kutengera deta iyi kuti iwonetsetse kuti mafuta ndi mpweya zisakanikirane pa chiŵerengero choyenera, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kuyaka kukugwira bwino ntchito. Ngati detayo si yolondola, ingayambitse kusakaniza mafuta mopitirira muyeso (kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa) kapena kusakwanira kwa mafuta osakanikirana (kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kuchedwa).
Konzani mphamvu ya injini ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta
Pa nthawi yothamanga komanso zinthu zina zolemera, choyezera mpweya chimatha kuyankha mwachangu kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowa, zomwe zimathandiza ECU kuonjezera nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa mafuta olowetsedwa kuti ipereke mphamvu zokwanira. Pakuyenda kapena kusachitapo kanthu, chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta olowetsedwa kuti chichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Liwiro lake loyankha limakhudza mwachindunji momwe galimoto imayendera. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yoyankha ya choyezera mpweya chotentha nthawi zambiri imakhala mkati mwa masekondi 0.1, kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi alumikizana bwino.
Onetsetsani kuti mpweya woipa ukutsatira malamulo
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutentha kumatsimikizira mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka. Deta yolondola kuchokera ku mita yoyezera mpweya imatsimikizira kuti mafuta atenthedwa mokwanira, zomwe zimachepetsa kutulutsa kwa zinthu zoopsa monga carbon monoxide (CO) ndi hydrocarbons (HC). Ngati sensa yalephera ndikuyambitsa kusakaniza mafuta mopitirira muyeso, utsiwo udzatulutsa utsi wakuda, ndipo galimotoyo idzalephera kuwunika pachaka.
Sinthani malinga ndi zovuta ndi kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini
Kaya ndi kusintha pang'ono kwa mpweya wolowa mkati mwa galimoto kapena mpweya wambiri wolowa mkati mwa galimoto panthawi yothamanga kwambiri, choyezera kayendedwe ka mpweya chimatha kuyang'anira ndikupereka mayankho ku ECU nthawi yeniyeni, kuonetsetsa kuti injiniyo ikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ndikupewa kuyima kapena kusokoneza mphamvu.
Zizindikiro zofala za zolakwika
Ngati choyezera mpweya chatsekedwa ndi mpweya woipa, chawonongeka, kapena chili ndi vuto la waya, nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
Kusakhazikika kapena kugwedezeka: Injini imagwedezeka kwambiri ikangokhala chete, chifukwa ECU imalandira zizindikiro zolakwika za mpweya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya mafuta ilowe m'malo mwake isagwire bwino ntchito.
Kuthamanga kofooka kapena "kugwedezeka": Pambuyo poponda accelerator, mphamvu imayankha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kupitirira kumakhala kovuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitirira muyeso: Muzoyendetsa galimoto komanso momwe zinthu zilili pamsewu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumawonjezeka kwambiri (mwina ndi 10%-20%).
Utsi umatulutsa utsi wakuda ndipo umapitirira miyezo yotulutsa mpweya: Kusaya bwino kwa moto ndiye chifukwa chake.
Kuwala kwa injini kumayatsa: ECU imasunga ma code olakwika monga "P0100-P0104" okhudzana ndi mita yoyendera mpweya.
Malangizo okonza
Kuyang'anira pafupipafupi: Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mita yoyezera mpweya makilomita 2-30,000 aliwonse, makamaka magalimoto oyendetsedwa m'misewu yafumbi.
Kuyeretsa kwa akatswiri: Ngati pali mpweya wochuluka, gwiritsani ntchito choyeretsera mpweya woyeretsera. Musagwiritse ntchito zotsukira ma carburetor, chifukwa zimatha kuwononga filimu yotentha kapena zigawo za waya wotentha.
Sinthani zida: Ngati sensa yawonongeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyisinthe ndi zida zenizeni kapena zodziwika bwino. Zida za kampani yaying'ono nthawi zambiri sizingatsimikizire kulondola ndi moyo wautali.
Choyezera mpweya (MAF sensa) ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la makina owongolera magetsi a injini, lomwe limayang'anira kuyeza mpweya wolowa mu injini ndikupatsa ECU (Electronic Control Unit) maziko ofunikira owerengera kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa. Ikalephera, imayambitsa kusalingana kwa chiŵerengero cha mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini igwire ntchito molakwika.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino pamene chipangizo choyezera mpweya chalephera kugwira ntchito ndi izi:
Kusakhazikika kwa injini: Injini imagwedezeka kwambiri ikangokhala chete, chifukwa ECU imalandira zizindikiro zolakwika za mpweya wolowera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya mafuta ilowe molakwika. Kufooka kwa kuthamanga ndi mphamvu yocheperako: Pambuyo poponda accelerator, galimotoyo imayankha pang'onopang'ono ndikuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, makamaka pa liwiro la 1500-2000 rpm, ikumva "yosowa mphamvu". Izi zili choncho chifukwa ECU imalakwitsa poganizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowera ndipo imachepetsa kulowetsa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakaniza kwakukulu.
Kuchuluka kwa mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika: Ngati chizindikiro cha sensa chili chachikulu kwambiri, ECU idzakhulupirira molakwika kuti injini ili mu mkhalidwe wolemera kwambiri, motero imawonjezera kulowetsedwa kwa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusakaniza kwa mafuta kukhale kolimba kwambiri, ndipo mafuta sangatenthedwe kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Mitundu ina idzakhala ndi nyali yochenjeza ya "SERVICE ENGINE" pa dashboard.
Chitoliro chotulutsa utsi chimatulutsa utsi wakuda: Ngati chisakanizocho chili chokhuthala kwambiri, tinthu tambirimbiri ta kaboni tosapsa timatuluka ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi, zomwe zimapangitsa utsi wakuda woonekeratu. Izi sizimangoipitsa chilengedwe komanso zimasonyeza kuti kuyaka sikuli bwino.
Kuyima kwa injini nthawi ndi nthawi komanso kugwedezeka kwa injini: Mukayendetsa pa liwiro lalikulu (nthawi zambiri kuposa 120 km/h), kutulutsa kwa chizindikiro cha sensa kumakhala kosakhazikika, zomwe zingayambitse ECU kuchepetsa mwadzidzidzi kulowetsa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya injini isokonezeke, kugwedezeka, kapena kuima, zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo.
Kubwerera m'mbuyo mu chitoliro cholowera: Pakuthamanga kapena kutsika kwa liwiro, injini imatha kutulutsa mawu osazolowereka ngati "bang bang", omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuyaka kosazolowereka mu chitoliro cholowera chifukwa cha kusakaniza kosakwanira kapena kochulukirapo komwe kumabweretsa kuyaka kosazolowereka.
Kwa mitundu ina, pamene choyezera mpweya chalephera, kuwala kwa injini (Check Engine) kumawunikira. Komabe, palinso zochitika pamene kusiyana kwa chizindikiro kumakhala kochepa, ndipo ECU imalephera kulemba khodi ya cholakwika, koma kusonyeza kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito. Kuzindikira matenda aukadaulo kungatsimikizidwe mwa kuzindikira mawonekedwe a sensa ndi oscilloscope (voltage yachibadwa ya thermocouple iyenera kukhala mkati mwa 2.5-3.2V) kapena kuwerenga khodi ya cholakwika.
Ngati zizindikiro zingapo zachitika, ndi bwino kupita ku malo okonzera akatswiri mwamsanga kuti akaone. Ngati pakufunika kutero, sinthani choyezera mpweya choyambirira ndipo samalani kuyeretsa makina olowera mpweya nthawi zonse kuti fumbi lisakhudze kulondola kwa sensa.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
