Turbocharger ya Magalimoto: Ngwazi Yobisika ndi Zolakwika Zomwe Zingakhalepo za Injini Yamagetsi
Mu nthawi ino ya kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo m'magalimoto, turbocharger yakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a injini. Ili ngati ngwazi yakumbuyo, yomwe imabweretsa magwiridwe antchito amphamvu komanso kusunga mafuta bwino m'magalimoto. Komabe, ngwazi iyi ilinso ndi nthawi "zotentha". Zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito ake abwinobwino, motero zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.
Ntchito yaikulu ya turbocharger
Turbocharger kwenikweni ndi compressor ya mpweya. Imagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru mphamvu yotulutsa utsi kuchokera ku injini kuti iyendetse turbine mkati mwa nyumbayo. Kenako turbine imayendetsa coaxial impeller, kukanikiza mpweya ndikuukweza isanatumize mu silinda. Njirayi imawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya injini, motero imawonjezera mphamvu ya kuyaka kwa mafuta ndikulola injini kutulutsa mphamvu ndi 30% yowonjezera ndi kuchuluka komweko kwa utsi.
Ponena za kukweza mphamvu, mphamvu ya turbocharger ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya injini ya 1.8T turbocharged imatha kufanana ndi ya injini ya 2.4L yomwe imayendetsedwa mwachilengedwe, pomwe mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amafanana ndi a injini ya 1.8L. Pa mpikisano wothamanga, turbocharger imawala kwambiri. Imathandiza injini zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zochepa kuti zipeze mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wokwera pabwalo la mpikisano.
Kuwonjezera pa kukulitsa mphamvu, ma turbocharger amagwiranso ntchito bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta moyenera komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Mwa kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta, amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, nthawi zambiri kusunga 3% mpaka 5%. Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa mphamvu yoyaka kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa zinthu zoopsa monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma nitrogen oxides, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ma turbocharger ali ndi ntchito yolipirira kutalika kwapamwamba, yomwe imatha kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya injini m'malo okwera chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa.
Zolakwika ndi mayankho wamba a ma turbocharger
Ngakhale kuti ma turbocharger ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu, amathanso kukumana ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana akagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa mafuta ndi amodzi mwa mavuto omwe amafala kwambiri. Ngati mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri koma mtundu wa utsi wa utsi ndi wabwinobwino ndipo mphamvu yake siikukhudzidwa, mwina chitoliro cha mafuta cholowera kapena chobwezera cha turbocharger chikutuluka. Pakadali pano, onani ngati mphete yotsekera ili bwino. Ngati yawonongeka, isintheni nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo utsi wa utsi umatulutsa utsi wabuluu koma mphamvu yake siinasinthe, mwina mphete yotsekera kumapeto kwa compressor yalephera. Yang'anani kuuma kwa chitoliro cha mafuta chobwerera ndikuchita kukonza. Ngati mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, utsi wa utsi umatulutsa utsi wabuluu kapena wakuda, ndipo mphamvu yake ikuchepa, mwina kusiyana pakati pa pistoni ndi silinda ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta alowe m'chipinda choyaka moto. Pankhaniyi, injini imafunika kuyang'anitsitsa mozama.
Zolakwika zotaya mphamvu siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene turbocharger ya BMW 2 Series ilephera kugwira ntchito, pakhoza kukhala vuto lotaya mphamvu. Zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti mphamvu itayike ndi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati makina olowetsa mpweya atsekedwa, kutsekeka kwa fyuluta ya mpweya kungayambitse mpweya wosakwanira wolowa, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yachizolowezi ya turbocharger. Pakadali pano, yeretsani kapena sinthani fyuluta ya mpweya. Zingakhalenso kuti mbale yophimba valavu ya bypass siitsekedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mpweya kutuluke. Kungosintha mbale yophimba valavu ya bypass kungathandize kuthetsa vutoli.
Kumveka kwa kukangana kwachitsulo, kutulutsa utsi wakuda, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu nazonso ndizofunikira kuziganizira. Ngati turbocharger ipanga mawu okangana kwachitsulo, utsiwo umatulutsa utsi wakuda, ndipo mphamvuyo ikachepa, mwina turbocharger rotor bearing kapena thrust bearing yatha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impeller ikhudze nyumba ya turbocharger. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kukonza kapena kusintha zigawo zoyenera za bearing pakapita nthawi. Komanso, pamene flap yamasuka ndikugundana, injini idzapanga phokoso lalikulu panthawi yozizira, ndipo chisindikizo sichidzakhala cholimba. Kuthamanga kwambiri kungayambitse kulephera kwa makina otumizira.
Zolakwika za kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chakunja zimachitikanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Kutseka bwino chitoliro cholowera, pomwe intake sidutsa mu fyuluta ndikulowa mwachindunji mu compressor impeller, kapena kusasintha fyuluta ya mpweya monga momwe zimafunikira, kungayambitse zinthu zakunja kulowa mu turbocharger ndikuwononga kumapeto kwa compressor. Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa silinda ya injini ya dizilo, kapena zinthu zakunja kulowa mu exhaust manifold panthawi yokonza, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa radial ku rotor kapena transmission shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor ijame kapena shaft isweke. Kuti muchepetse kulephera kwa turbocharger, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino tsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikira kwambiri. Injini ikayamba, iyenera kukhala chete kwa mphindi pafupifupi 3. M'nyengo yozizira, injini iyenera kutenthedwa kwa mphindi zosachepera 5 kapena kuposerapo kuti mafuta a injini azitha kudzola mafuta a turbocharger mokwanira. Mukayendetsa mwachangu kapena kukwera phiri, musazimitse injini nthawi yomweyo. M'malo mwake, pitirizani kukhala chete kwa mphindi imodzi kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma bearing a turbocharger adzozedwa mokwanira. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusintha mafuta a injini ndi fyuluta ya mafuta nthawi zonse. Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta odzola ndi zinthu zosefera zomwe zatchulidwa kuti mupewe zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mafuta odzola osayera kapena osakwanira.
Pomaliza, turbocharger imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo lamagetsi a magalimoto. Kumvetsetsa ntchito yake ndi zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, komanso kudziwa bwino njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza, kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti imapereka mphamvu zambiri pagalimoto nthawi zonse komanso kutitsogolera paulendo wosavuta.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
