Kodi chogwirira chakumbuyo cha galimotocho chimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziti?
Zipangizo za ekseli yakumbuyo ya galimoto sizili zofanana; m'malo mwake, zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kutengera zofunikira pa ntchito, malo a mtundu wa galimoto, ndi njira zopangira. Malinga ndi deta yovomerezeka ya anthu onse, zipangizo zazikulu zimaphatikizapo magulu otsatirawa:
Mitundu yayikulu ya zinthu
Chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto wamba amalonda ndi ma axle akumbuyo a magalimoto onyamula anthu, monga zipangizo za Sph440 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Dongfeng Automobile, zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana kugwedezeka, kupindika, kukana kutha, komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo (monga chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo 300): Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto olemera, monga "300 cast steel super strong rear axle" yomwe imatha kunyamula matani pafupifupi 20, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto akuluakulu oyendera .
Aluminiyamu: Amapezeka kwambiri m'magalimoto apamwamba kapena ogwira ntchito bwino (monga Mercedes-Benz GLE450), zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto ndi pafupifupi 30% ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito, chitonthozo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta moyenera.
Chitsulo cha alloy (monga 20CrMnTi): Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa magiya osiyana (magiya a mapulaneti, magiya a theka la shaft, ndi zina zotero), pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, chimakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka komanso kukana kugwedezeka.
Machubu apadera achitsulo chosasunthika: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ma axle oyendetsera, okhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 680 MPa, mphamvu yotulutsa ya 550 MPa, komanso kutalika kopitilira 15%, kudzera mu kukulitsa kozizira komanso kapangidwe kolimba kwa khoma kosagwirizana, kulinganiza kulimba ndi pulasitiki.
Mafomu a kapangidwe ndi zinthu zogwirizana nazo
Axle yopangidwa ndi chitsulo (axle yolimba): Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chophatikizidwa, kulimba kwamphamvu, palibe mavuto otopa, choyenera misewu yolemera komanso yovuta.
Ekseli yamphamvu yopsinjika (ekseli yopanda kanthu): Yopangidwa ndi kuponda ndi kuwotcherera mbale zachitsulo, yopepuka koma yolimba pang'ono, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'magalimoto opepuka amalonda .
Nyumba yolumikizira ma axle: Imagwiritsa ntchito machubu apadera achitsulo chosasunthika, thupi ndi chubu cha axle zimaphatikizidwa, palibe ma welds, mphamvu zamakanika zimaposa ma axle achikhalidwe amphamvu.
Chidule
Zipangizo za kumbuyo kwa galimoto makamaka ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, aluminiyamu, ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, ndipo kusankha kwake kumadalira cholinga cha galimotoyo (monga mphamvu yonyamula katundu, kuthekera koyendetsa galimoto kutali ndi msewu, magwiridwe antchito), kuwongolera mtengo, ndi zofunikira zopepuka. Magalimoto wamba abanja nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, pomwe magalimoto apamwamba kapena opepuka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo chapadera chopangidwa ndi chitsulo.
Chogwirira chakumbuyo cha galimoto ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa makina otumizira magiya a galimoto, ndipo ntchito yake ndi mfundo zake zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe galimotoyo imayendetsera. Izi ndi kufotokozera kwathunthu kutengera zambiri zovomerezeka za anthu onse:
Ntchito yaikulu ya axle yakumbuyo
Thandizo ndi kulumikizana: Imathandizira mawilo akumbuyo ndikulumikiza wina ndi mnzake, yokhala ndi katundu woyimirira wa galimotoyo ndi mphamvu yochitira kuchokera pamsewu.
Kutumiza mphamvu (kwa ma axle oyendetsa okha): Kutumiza mphamvu ya injini kudzera mu gearbox, shaft yotumizira, ndi axle yakumbuyo kupita kumawilo akumbuyo.
Kuchepetsa liwiro ndi kuwonjezeka kwa torque: Kudzera mu chochepetsera chachikulu, kumachepetsa liwiro lozungulira ndikuwonjezera torque yotulutsa, kukulitsa luso loyendetsa.
Kusintha kwa kusiyana: Kumalola mawilo akumbuyo akumanzere ndi akumanja kuti azizungulira pa liwiro losiyana akamazungulira kuti matayala asagwe kapena kuwonongeka.
Chithandizo cha mabuleki: Mabuleki a gudumu lakumbuyo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mu axle yakumbuyo ndipo amagwira ntchito yayikulu yoyendetsera ndi kuyimitsa magalimoto.
Dziwani: Ngati ndi galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo akutsogolo, axle yakumbuyo imangogwira ntchito ngati axle yotsatizana (yonyamula katundu wokha); ngati ndi galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo akumbuyo kapena galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo anayi, axle yakumbuyo ilinso ndi ntchito zingapo monga kuyendetsa, kuchepetsa liwiro, ndi kusiyana.
Tsatanetsatane wa mfundo za ntchito
Njira yotumizira mphamvu
Injini → Clutch → Transmission → Transmission shaft → Chochepetsera chachikulu cha axle yakumbuyo → Chosiyanitsa → Hafu ya shaft → Gudumu loyendetsa.
Ntchito yayikulu yochepetsera
Kawirikawiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma gear awiri a cone, kusintha njira yotumizira mphamvu ndi 90° (longitudinal → transverse).
Amazindikira kuchepetsa liwiro ndi kuwonjezeka kwa torque, chiŵerengero cha liwiro (chiŵerengero chachikulu chochepetsera) = liwiro la shaft yotumizira / liwiro la theka la shaft .
Njira yosiyana yowongolera liwiro
Kapangidwe ka mkati: Mtanda wopingasa + magiya awiri a mapulaneti, olumikizidwa ku theka la shaft mbali zonse ziwiri.
Kuyendetsa molunjika: Magiya a mapulaneti sazungulira okha, mawilo akumanzere ndi akumanja amazungulira motsatizana.
Pakuzungulira: Magiya a mapulaneti amazungulira, liwiro la gudumu lakunja limawonjezeka, ndipo liwiro la gudumu lamkati limachepa, zomwe zimasintha kuti zigwirizane ndi ma radii osiyanasiyana ozungulira.
Njira yolumikizirana yoyimitsa chitsulo Axle yonse: Yokhala ndi kuyimitsa kosadalira (monga ma spring a masamba), ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komanso mphamvu yonyamula katundu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto akuluakulu.
Axle yogawanika: Yokhala ndi choyimitsira chodziyimira payokha (monga mtundu wa McPherson), nyumba ya axle imagawidwa m'magulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitonthozo chikhale bwino, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto.
Malo osamalira tsiku ndi tsiku:
Sinthani mafuta a giya a GL-5 nthawi zonse (omwe amalimbikitsidwa pamagalimoto olemera).
Yang'anani kudzola kwa ma hub bearing ndi ntchito ya differential lock (yambitsani pamene mukutsetsereka).
Pewani kusasintha mafuta mukanyowa kuti mupewe dzimbiri ndi kulephera kwa zida.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
