Kodi ma valve olowera m'galimoto ndi ati?
Valavu yolowera ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamakina a valavu ya injini, yomwe imayang'anira kukoka mpweya wabwino (kapena chisakanizo choyaka) mu silinda panthawi yogwira ntchito kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito poyaka.
Ntchito Yaikulu
Kupuma mpweya: Pa nthawi yopuma mpweya, valavu yopumira imatsegulidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoipa yomwe imapangidwa ndi kuyenda kwa pistoni pansi kuti ikoke mpweya (kapena chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta) mu silinda.
Kukonzekera kuyaka: Kumapereka mpweya wofunikira pa njira zotsatizana zoyatsira ndi kuyaka, kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyaka bwino.
Kutseka silinda: Pa nthawi yokakamiza, mphamvu, ndi kupopera mpweya, valavu yolowera mpweya imatsekedwa, pamodzi ndi valavu yotulutsira mpweya, kuti zitsimikizire kuti silindayo yatsekedwa.
Kapangidwe ndi Makhalidwe
Kapangidwe kake: Kamakhala ndi mutu wa valavu ndi tsinde la valavu. Mutu nthawi zambiri umakhala wathyathyathya pamwamba, wozungulira pamwamba, kapena wokwera pamwamba pa trumpet, ndipo pamwamba pake pathyathyathya ndiye wofala kwambiri.
Zinthu: Amapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi alloy monga chitsulo cha chrome ndi chitsulo cha nickel-chrome kuti athe kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika kwa makina.
Kukula: Nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kuposa valavu yotulutsira utsi kuti ichepetse kukana kulowa kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yochaja.
Ngodya yozungulira: Nthawi zambiri imakhala 45°, ndipo mitundu ina (monga CA1091) imagwiritsa ntchito 30° kuti ichepetse kukana kudya.
Yoyendetsedwa ndi camshaft, imayendetsedwa kutsegula ndi kutseka kudzera mu tappet, pushrod (kapena mwachindunji ndi mkono wa rocker).
Nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka imayendetsedwa bwino ndi nthawi ya valavu, yolumikizidwa ndi ngodya ya crankshaft, kuti zitsimikizire kusinthana kwa mpweya bwino.
Malingaliro Olakwika Omwe Amadziwika Kwambiri Kufotokozera
Osati throttle: throttle ili mu chitoliro cholowetsa mpweya ndipo imalamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe alowa; valavu yolowetsa mpweya ili pamutu wa silinda ndipo imalamulira nthawi yomwe silinda imodzi imalowa.
Osati accelerator: Accelerator ndi pedal yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi dalaivala, yoyendetsedwa ndi njira zamagetsi kapena zamakina kuti itsegule throttle.
Zotsatira Zolakwika
Ngati valavu yolowera yawonongeka (monga kusintha kwa kutentha, kusungunuka kwa mpweya, kapena kutseka bwino), izi zingayambitse:
Mphamvu ya injini yotsika
Kusakhazikika, kufooka, kuthamanga, Kuvuta poyambira
Utsi umatulutsa utsi wakuda kapena phokoso losazolowereka chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi
Injini zambiri zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka mavavu ambiri (monga mavavu anayi pa silinda iliyonse, otchedwa "16V"), kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya kulowa ndi kutulutsa utsi ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito oyaka.
Vavu yolowera ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo la sitima ya mavavu ya injini. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:
-吸入 mpweya watsopano (kapena chisakanizo choyaka) mu silinda： Pa nthawi yolowetsa mpweya, valavu yolowetsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, kulola mpweya (mu injini zamafuta, nthawi zambiri umasakanizidwa ndi mafuta kuti upange chisakanizo choyaka) kulowa m'chipinda choyatsira moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira pakuyatsa.
- Kuonetsetsa kuti kuyaka kukugwira ntchito bwino: Mwa kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa, kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyaka mokwanira, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu ya injini komanso kusunga mafuta moyenera.
- Kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi valavu yotulutsa utsi: Pamodzi ndi valavu yotulutsa utsi, imamaliza kuzungulira kwa masitepe anayi kwa "intake - compression - power - exhaust", kusunga ntchito yanthawi zonse ya injini.
Ngati valavu yoloweramo yalephera kugwira ntchito (monga kusonkhanitsa mpweya, kutseka bwino, kapena kumamatira), izi zingayambitse mavuto awa:
- Mphamvu ya injini yachepa, kugwedezeka, kusakhazikika
- Kuthamanga koyipa, kuyamba kovuta
- Utsi wotulutsa utsi wakuda, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitirira muyeso
Injini zamakono nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa mavavu ambiri (monga mavavu anayi pa silinda iliyonse: mavavu awiri olowera ndi mavavu awiri otuluka), kuti zipititse patsogolo kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mavavu ndi mavavu ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito oyaka.
Kulephera kwa valavu yolowera galimoto kungakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana pakugwira ntchito. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chovomerezeka cha anthu, zizindikiro zake zazikulu, zomwe zimayambitsa, ndi mayankho ake ndi awa:
- Zizindikiro zazikulu
- Kugwedezeka kwa injini kapena kusakhazikika kwa injini: Kutseka bwino kwa valavu yolowera kapena kusonkhana kwa kaboni kumayambitsa kusakanikirana kosagwirizana mu silinda iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ituluke molakwika, makamaka panthawi yozizira kapena kusakhazikika kwa injini.
- Kuyamba kovuta: Kutseka kwa valavu momasuka kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika mu silinda, ndipo pulagi ya spark singathe kuyatsa chisakanizocho kwathunthu pambuyo poyatsa, zomwe zimafuna kuyesa kangapo kuti ziyambe .
- Mphamvu yotsika: Kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa mafuta kapena kudya molakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta aziyaka bwino, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mafuta.
- Kusakhazikika kwa utsi:
Chitoliro chotulutsa utsi chimatulutsa utsi wakuda (kuyaka kosakwanira)；
Pa milandu yoopsa, imatha kutulutsa utsi wabuluu (mafuta oyaka, ngati chisindikizo cha mafuta a valavu nachonso chawonongeka).
- Phokoso losazolowereka:
Phokoso "lotentha" lingamveke pafupi ndi mbali ya intake kapena intake manifold pamene intake valve ikutuluka；
Pa nthawi ya injini, phokoso la "kugunda" limamveka, kusonyeza kugogoda kwa valve.
- Mawonetseredwe ena:
Kutuluka kwa mpweya wambiri pa fyuluta ya mpweya；
Exhaust manifold imatentha kwambiri ndipo imasonyezanso "zodabwitsa" zachilendo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vuto
- Kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakwanira kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyendetsa galimoto mtunda waufupi, kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha mafuta a valavu, ndi zina zotero, kumabweretsa kuyika kwa zinthu zofanana ndi chingamu, zomwe zimakhudza kutsegula kapena kutseka valavu.
- Kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa malo otsekera ma valve: Mabowo kapena malo olumikizirana pakati pa valve ndi mphete ya mpando chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwakukulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
- Mpata waukulu pakati pa tsinde la valavu ndi chubu chowongolera: Vavu imagwedezeka kapena kupindika, singathe kuyikidwa bwino ndi kutsekedwa .
- Kulephera kwa kasupe wa valavu: Kusalimba kapena kusweka kosakwanira kwa kasupe, zomwe zimalepheretsa valavu kutseka bwino .
- Kusintha kosayenera kwa valavu yotseguka: Chitsinde cha valavu chimatsegulidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsekeka kosagwira ntchito bwino.
- Njira zochiritsira zomwe zaperekedwa
- Kudzifufuza koyamba:
Yang'anani ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika mtengo posachedwapa;
Yang'anani ngati pali zizindikiro zodziwika bwino monga utsi wakuda, phokoso losazolowereka, kapena kugwedezeka.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chida chodziwira matenda a OBD:
Werengani ma code olakwika, monga ma code ozimitsa moto (P0300 series), sensor yosadziwika bwino ya okosijeni (P0130), ndi zina zotero, kuti muthandize kuweruza .
- Kukonza akatswiri
Ngati valavu yolowera ikukayikiridwa kuti ndi vuto, chivundikiro cha valavu chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuti muwone ngati valavu yalowa, momwe imagwirira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi;
Ngati mpweya woipa wawonjezeka kwambiri, ganizirani za "kuyeretsa mankhwala a makina olowera" kapena "kuchotsa mpweya woyeretsera pamanja".
Ngati valavu yayaka, yawonongeka, kapena ili ndi kutseka kosayenera, nthawi zambiri pamafunika "kusintha valavu" kapena "kukonza mphete ya mpando wa valavu".
- Njira zodzitetezera
Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ndi zowonjezera zamafuta zapamwamba nthawi zonse;
Yeretsani mpweya woipa womwe umayikidwa pa 20,000 makilomita aliwonse (makamaka throttle body ndi intake manifold). Sinthani ma valve oil seal ndi zosefera zitatu motsatira malangizo a m'buku.
Dziwani: Ngati vuto la valavu yolowera silinyalanyazidwa, lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa makina monga kugwira valavu kapena kugundana ndi valavu, ndipo mtengo wokonza udzakwera kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani zina patsamba lino!
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa MG&MAXUSzida zamagalimoto zalandiridwa kugula.
