Kutsogolo kumalandira mphamvu yamphamvu, yomwe imagawidwa ndi bumper yakutsogolo ku mabokosi oyamwitsa mphamvu mbali zonse ndikumapatsira kumanzere ndi kumanja njanji yakutsogolo, ndiyeno ku thupi lonselo.
Kumbuyo kumakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, ndipo mphamvu yake imaperekedwa ndi bumper yakumbuyo kupita ku bokosi loyamwitsa mphamvu kumbali zonse ziwiri, kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa njanji yakumbuyo, kenako kumagulu ena amthupi.
Ma bumpers otsika mphamvu amatha kuthana ndi kukhudzidwa, pomwe ma bumper amphamvu kwambiri amatenga gawo la kufalitsa mphamvu, kubalalitsidwa ndi kubisala, ndipo pamapeto pake amasamutsira kuzinthu zina zathupi, kenako kudalira mphamvu ya thupi kuti ikane. .
America samawona bumper ngati kasinthidwe kachitetezo: IIHS ku America samawona bumper ngati kasinthidwe kachitetezo, koma ngati chothandizira kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kugunda kocheperako. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwa bumper kumatengeranso lingaliro la momwe mungachepetsere kutayika ndi kukonza mtengo. Pali mitundu inayi ya mayeso a ngozi a IIHS, omwe ali kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kutsogolo kutsogolo (liwiro 10km/h) ndi mayeso a ngozi yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo (liwiro 5km/h).
