Kasupe wa buluni.
Kasupe wa wotchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza thumba lalikulu la mpweya (lomwe lili pa chiwongolero) ndi chogwirira cha airbag, chomwe kwenikweni ndi chidutswa cha chogwirira cha waya. Chifukwa thumba lalikulu la mpweya liyenera kuzungulira ndi chiwongolero, (likhoza kuganiziridwa ngati chogwirira cha waya chokhala ndi kutalika kwina, chozunguliridwa mozungulira chogwirira cha chiwongolero, chikazungulira ndi chogwirira, chikhoza kubwezedwa kapena kuzunguliridwa mwamphamvu kwambiri, komanso chili ndi malire, kuti chiwongolero chikhale kumanzere kapena kumanja, chogwirira cha waya sichingachotsedwe), kotero chogwirira cha waya cholumikizira chiyenera kusiya malire. Onetsetsani kuti chogwirira chikuyang'ana kumbali kupita kumalo oletsa popanda kuchotsedwa. Mfundo iyi pakuyika ndi yapadera, momwe mungathere kuti muwonetsetse kuti chili pakati.
Chiyambi cha malonda
Galimoto ikagwa, dongosolo la airbag limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri poteteza chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi wokwera.
Pakadali pano, dongosolo la airbag nthawi zambiri limakhala dongosolo limodzi la airbag la chiwongolero, kapena dongosolo la airbag awiri. Galimoto yokhala ndi ma airbag awiri ndi dongosolo la pretensioner la lamba la mpando ikagwa, mosasamala kanthu za liwiro, ma airbag ndi pretensioner ya lamba la mpando amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma airbag azitayika panthawi ya ngozi yothamanga pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zokonzera ziwonjezeke kwambiri.
Dongosolo la ma airbag awiri lokhala ndi zochita ziwiri, pakagwa ngozi, limatha kusankha lokha kugwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera lamba la mpando kapena chotenthetsera lamba la mpando ndi thumba la mpweya awiri nthawi imodzi malinga ndi liwiro ndi kuthamanga kwa galimoto. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngati ngozi yagwa pa liwiro lochepa, dongosololi lingagwiritse ntchito ma lamba achitetezo kuti ateteze chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi okwera, popanda kuwononga ma air bag. Ngati liwiro lili loposa 30km/h pangozi, lamba wa mpando ndi thumba la mpweya zimagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, kuti ateteze chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi okwera.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Galimoto ikagwa mwadzidzidzi, makina owongolera mpweya amazindikira mphamvu ya kugundana
(kuchepa kwa mphamvu) kumapitirira mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, kompyuta ya airbag nthawi yomweyo imalumikiza circuit ya chubu chamagetsi chophulika mu inflator, imayatsa choyatsira moto mu chubu chamagetsi chophulika, ndipo lawi limayatsa ufa woyatsira moto ndi jenereta ya gasi, ndikupanga mpweya wambiri pa 0. Mkati mwa masekondi 03, thumba la mpweya limafufuma, thumba la mpweya limakula kwambiri, limaswa ng'oma yokongoletsera pa chiwongolero kupita kwa dalaivala ndi wokhalamo, kotero kuti mutu ndi chifuwa cha dalaivala ndi wokhalamo zimakanikizidwa pa thumba la mpweya lodzaza ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dalaivala ndi wokhalamo azikhudzidwa, kenako n’kutulutsa mpweya mu thumba la mpweya.
Chikwama cha mpweya chimatha kugawa mphamvu yogundana m'mutu ndi pachifuwa mofanana, kuteteza thupi lofooka la munthu wokwera kuti lisagundane mwachindunji ndi thupi, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wovulala. Ma airbags amateteza anthu okwera ngati atagundana kutsogolo, ngakhale lamba wa mpando sunavalidwe, ma airbags oletsa kugundana amakhalabe othandiza mokwanira kuchepetsa kuvulala. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ngati galimoto yagundana kutsogolo ndi galimoto yokhala ndi ma airbags, kuchuluka kwa kuvulala kwa munthu kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 64%, ngakhale 80% ya anthu okwerawo savala malamba achitetezo. Kugundana kuchokera m'mbali ndi mipando yakumbuyo kumadalirabe ntchito ya lamba wa mpando.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kuphulika kwa thumba la mpweya ndi pafupifupi ma decibel 130 okha, komwe kuli mkati mwa kuchuluka komwe thupi la munthu lingathe kupirira; 78% ya mpweya womwe uli mu thumba la mpweya ndi nayitrogeni, womwe ndi wokhazikika kwambiri komanso wopanda poizoni, wopanda vuto kwa thupi la munthu; Ufa womwe umatuluka pamene kuphulikako ndi ufa wothira mafuta womwe umasunga thumba la mpweya m'malo opindika ndipo sumamatirana, ndipo suli wovulaza thupi la munthu.
Chilichonse ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse, ndipo thumba la mpweya lilinso ndi mbali yake yosatetezeka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ngati galimoto ikuyenda pa liwiro la 60km/h, kugunda mwadzidzidzi kudzapangitsa galimoto kuyima mkati mwa masekondi 0.2, ndipo thumba la mpweya lidzatuluka pa liwiro la pafupifupi 300km/h, ndipo mphamvu yogunda yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha izi ndi pafupifupi 180 kg, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kunyamula mutu, khosi ndi ziwalo zina za thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, ngati ngodya ndi mphamvu ya thumba la mpweya zitatuluka molakwika pang'ono, zitha kubweretsa "tsoka".
Mgalimoto, masensa atatuwa nthawi zonse amaika chidziwitso cha kusintha kwa liwiro ku chowongolera zamagetsi, chowongolera zamagetsi nthawi zonse chimawerengera, kusanthula, kuyerekeza ndi kuweruza, ndipo chimakhala chokonzeka kupereka malangizo nthawi iliyonse. Pamene liwiro lili lochepera 30km/h, sensa yakutsogolo ndi sensa yake yotetezeka yolumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo imayika chizindikiro cha kugundana ku chowongolera zamagetsi, ndikutumiza lamulo loti liphulitse chofufumitsa chamagetsi cha chotenthetsera lamba la mpando, pomwe chizindikiro chotumizidwa ndi sensa yapakati sichingapangitse wowongolera zamagetsi kutumiza lamulo loti liphulitse chofufumitsa chamagetsi cha thumba la mpweya. Chifukwa chake, ngati pachitika kugundana kwa liwiro lochepa (kuchepetsa pang'ono), bola ngati chotenthetsera chisanakoke lamba wa mpando kumbuyo, ndikokwanira kuteteza dalaivala ndi wokwera kuti asagunde kutsogolo.
Pankhani ya kugundana kwa liwiro lalikulu (lalikulu deceleration), sensa yakutsogolo ndi sensa yapakati zimalowetsa chizindikiro cha kugundana nthawi imodzi ku chowongolera zamagetsi, chowongolera zamagetsi chimapereka malangizo pambuyo pa chigamulo chachangu, ndikuphulitsa zophulitsa zamagetsi za pretension yakumanzere ndi yakumanja ndi matumba ampweya awiri nthawi imodzi. Lamba wachitetezo akakokedwa mwamphamvu, matumba awiri ampweya amatseguka nthawi imodzi kuti atenge mphamvu yogunda yomwe dalaivala ndi wokwerayo amapanga chifukwa cha kuchepetsa liwiro kwambiri, kuteteza bwino chitetezo chawo.
Galimoto ikagundana ndi chinthu chokhazikika patsogolo pake, galimoto ikayenda mofulumira, imachepa mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu ya sensa imalandira. Ngati mphamvu yokonzedweratu ya sensa yakutsogolo ndi sensa yapakati yagawidwa m'malire apamwamba ndi otsika, ndiko kuti, liwiro lokhazikika la sensa yakutsogolo ndi lochepera kuposa mtengo wotsika wa 30km/h, ndipo mtengo wokonzedweratu wa sensa yotetezeka ndi mtengo wotsika wa malire, ndiye kuti chowongolera zamagetsi chimangopangitsa kuti chotenthetsera cha lamba lachitetezo chiphulike galimoto ikagundana ndi liwiro lotsika. Ngati mtengo wokonzedweratu wa sensa yapakati ndi malire apamwamba, galimoto ikagundana ndi liwiro lalikulu, sensa yakutsogolo, sensa yapakati ndi sensa yotetezeka nthawi imodzi zimatulutsa chizindikiro cha kugundana kwa wowongolera zamagetsi, ndipo wowongolera zamagetsi amaphulitsa zotulutsira zamagetsi zonse, ndiye kuti lamba lachitetezo limatsekeka ndipo thumba la mpweya limatsegulidwa.
Kuchokera pa kugundana, sensa imatumiza chizindikiro kwa wowongolera chomwe chimatsimikiza kuti chiphulitsa chophulitsa chamagetsi, pafupifupi nthawi ya 10ms. Pambuyo pa kuphulika, jenereta ya gasi imapanga nayitrogeni wambiri, womwe umadzaza mwachangu thumba la mpweya. Kuyambira kugundana mpaka kupangidwa kwa thumba la mpweya, kenako mpaka kumangidwa kwa lamba wa mpando, njira yonseyi imatenga 30-35ms, kotero chitetezo cha dongosolo la thumba la mpweya ndi chabwino kwambiri.
Pamene thumba la mpweya likuphulika, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangidwa mu thumba la mpweya, kuthamanga kwa thumba la mpweya kumawonjezeka, zomwe sizingathandize kuyamwa mphamvu ya mphamvu, kotero pali mabowo awiri otulutsa mpweya kumbuyo kwa thumba la mpweya kuti atulutse mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi wokwera.
Monga njira yothandizira chitetezo cha thupi, anthu amaika chidwi kwambiri pa iyo. Galimoto ndi zopinga zikagundana, imatchedwa kugundana, wokwerayo ndi zigawo za galimoto zimagundana, zomwe zimatchedwa kugundana kwachiwiri, thumba la mpweya likagundana, kugundana kwachiwiri kusanayambe kutsegulidwa mwachangu kwa mphuno yodzaza ndi mpweya, kotero kuti wokwerayo chifukwa cha inertia ndi kusuntha "pa mphuno ya mpweya" kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa kwa wokwerayo ndikuyamwa mphamvu yogundana, kuchepetsa kuvulala kwa wokwerayo.
Ma airbags apangidwa mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, mtengo wake watsika kwambiri, ndipo galimoto yokhala ndi ma airbags yapangidwanso kuyambira magalimoto apakati ndi achikulire akale mpaka magalimoto apakati ndi otsika. Nthawi yomweyo, magalimoto ena ali ndi ma airbags okwera pamzere wakutsogolo (ndiko kuti, ma airbags awiri), ndipo ma airbags okwera ndi ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madalaivala, koma kuchuluka kwa thumba la mpweya ndi kwakukulu ndipo mpweya wofunikira ndi wochulukirapo. Kuyambira m'ma 1990, magwiridwe antchito a thumba la mpweya akhala akuvomerezedwa, ndipo amaonedwa ngati chipangizo chamakono komanso chapamwamba kwambiri chachitetezo. Kumvetsetsa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya thumba la mpweya ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunika chisamaliro ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tidziteteze bwino, koma kwa dalaivala, kuyendetsa bwino ndiye chinthu choyamba, chomwe sichingasinthidwe ndi chipangizo chapamwamba chachitetezo.
Sipinachi ya thumba la mpweya la galimoto yasweka, kodi padzakhala khodi yolakwika?
chifuniro
Chikwama cha mpweya cha galimoto chasweka, pali vuto.
Pamene kasupe wa thumba la mpweya wa galimoto walephera, dongosolo la chitetezo cha galimoto lidzazindikira vuto ndikuwonetsa malo enieni a vutoli mwa kukhazikitsa khodi yolakwika. Makhodi olakwika awa angathandize ogwira ntchito yokonza kupeza vuto mwachangu komanso molondola, kuti achite kukonza koyenera. Mwachitsanzo, kasupe wa thumba la mpweya wosweka anganene makhodi angapo olakwika, kuphatikizapo koma osati kokha kulephera kwa C0506 - Driver Side Airbag Control Module (NSCM), kulephera kwa U0101 - Airbag System (SRS), kulephera kwa B1001 - Driver Side Airbag (D-SRS), ndi zina zotero.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa kasupe wa thumba la mpweya kungawonekerenso monga kuwala kwa cholakwa cha thumba la mpweya, honi siikulira, komanso kulephera kwa batani la chiwongolero cha multi-function. Chifukwa chake, ngati galimoto ili ndi zizindikiro izi, dalaivala ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi yake kuti adziwe ngati kasupe wa thumba la mpweya ayenera kusinthidwa.
Pokonza, ndi njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira vuto powerenga khodi ya cholakwika ndi chida chodziwira vuto. Mwanjira imeneyi, zitha kudziwika ngati kasupe wa thumba la mpweya wawonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, potsegula kasupe wa thumba la mpweya ndikugwiritsa ntchito choletsa cha 2 mpaka 3 ohm kuti mulowe m'malo mwa kasupe wa thumba la mpweya, kenako ndikuwerenganso khodi ya cholakwika, ngati khodi ya cholakwika yatha, kasupe wa thumba la mpweya akhoza kuwonongeka.
Mwachidule, tsitsi la thumba la mpweya la galimoto lidzakhala ndi code yolakwika, yomwe ndi njira yodzitetezera ya chitetezo cha galimoto, yopangidwira kukumbutsa dalaivala ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza kuti achite kukonza pa nthawi yake.
Chonde tiimbireni foni ngati mukufuna zinthu zotere.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. yadzipereka kugulitsa zida zamagalimoto za MG&MAUXS zomwe zikulandiridwa kugula.
