Dzanja logwedezeka nthawi zambiri limakhala pakati pa gudumu ndi thupi, ndipo ndi gawo lachitetezo lomwe limalumikizana ndi dalaivala lomwe limatumiza mphamvu, kufooketsa kufalikira kwa vibration, ndikuwongolera komwe akupita.
Mkono wogwedezeka nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa gudumu ndi thupi, ndipo ndi gawo lachitetezo chokhudzana ndi dalaivala yemwe amatumiza mphamvu, amachepetsa kufalikira kwa kugwedezeka, ndikuwongolera komwe akulowera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kamangidwe kake ka mkono wogwedezeka pamsika, ndikufanizira ndi kusanthula mphamvu zamagulu osiyanasiyana panjira, mtundu ndi mtengo.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa chassis yamagalimoto kumagawanika kukhala kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo. Kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuli ndi manja ogwedezeka kuti agwirizane ndi mawilo ndi thupi. Mikono yogwedezeka nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa mawilo ndi thupi.
Udindo wa wowongolera mkono wogwedezeka ndikulumikiza gudumu ndi chimango, kufalitsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kugwedezeka, ndikuwongolera komwe akupita. Ndi gawo lachitetezo lomwe limakhudza dalaivala. Pali zigawo zomangika mokakamiza mu dongosolo loyimitsidwa, kotero kuti mawilo amayenda molingana ndi thupi molingana ndi njira inayake. Ziwalo zomangika zimatumiza katunduyo, ndipo dongosolo lonse loyimitsidwa limanyamula magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.
Ntchito zofananira ndi kapangidwe kake ka mkono wogwedezeka wagalimoto
1. Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zonyamula katundu, kapangidwe kake ka mkono ndi ukadaulo
Magalimoto ambiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe oyimitsidwa odziyimira pawokha. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, machitidwe oyimitsidwa odziyimira okha amatha kugawidwa kukhala mtundu wa wishbone, mtundu wa mkono wotsatira, mtundu wamitundu yambiri, mtundu wa makandulo ndi mtundu wa McPherson. Nkhono yamtanda ndi mkono wotsatira ndi mawonekedwe a mphamvu ziwiri kwa mkono umodzi muzitsulo zambiri, ndi mfundo ziwiri zogwirizanitsa. Ndodo ziwiri zamphamvu ziwiri zimasonkhanitsidwa pachigwirizano cha chilengedwe chonse pamtunda wina, ndipo mizere yolumikizira ya mfundo zolumikizira imapanga mawonekedwe a katatu. MacPherson kutsogolo kuyimitsidwa mkono m'munsi ndi mmene mfundo zitatu kugwedezeka mkono ndi mfundo zitatu kugwirizana. Mzere wolumikiza mfundo zitatu zolumikizira ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la katatu lomwe limatha kupirira katundu m'njira zingapo.
Mapangidwe a mkono wogwedezeka wa mphamvu ziwiri ndi wosavuta, ndipo mapangidwe ake nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi ukatswiri wosiyanasiyana waukadaulo komanso kuwongolera bwino kwa kampani iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe achitsulo chosindikizira (onani Chithunzi 1), kapangidwe kake ndi mbale imodzi yachitsulo yopanda kuwotcherera, ndipo mapangidwe apangidwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a "I"; pepala zitsulo welded dongosolo (onani Chithunzi 2), kapangidwe kapangidwe ndi zitsulo mbale zitsulo, ndi patsekeke structural zambiri Ndi mu mawonekedwe a "口"; kapena mbale zolimbikitsira za m'deralo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera ndi kulimbikitsa malo owopsa; makina opangira makina opangira zitsulo, malo omangirapo amakhala olimba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasinthidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zamakina a chassis; makina opangira ma aluminiyumu opangira makina (onani Chithunzi 3), kapangidwe kake kamene kamakhala kolimba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi chitsulo; chitsulo chitoliro dongosolo ndi losavuta dongosolo, ndi patsekeke structural ndi zozungulira.
Mapangidwe a mkono wogwedezeka wa mfundo zitatu ndizovuta, ndipo mapangidwe ake nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira za OEM. Pakuwunika kayeseleledwe koyenda, mkono wogwedezeka sungathe kusokoneza mbali zina, ndipo ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi mtunda wocheperako. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosindikizira zitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo monga chitsulo chosungunuka chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, kachipangizo kachipangizo kachipangizo kachipangizo kachipangizo kachipangizo kamene kamalumikizira ndodo, ndi zina zotero. Patsekeke structural akadali mu mawonekedwe a "m'kamwa", ndi kugwedezeka mkono patsekeke adzakhala Chotsekeka chotsekeka ndi bwino kuposa zosatsekedwa. Kupanga makina opangidwa ndi makina, mawonekedwe omangika nthawi zambiri amakhala "I" mawonekedwe, omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha torsion ndi kupindika; kuponyera makina opangidwa ndi makina, mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe ake amakhala ndi nthiti zolimbitsa ndi mabowo ochepetsa kulemera malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kuponyera; kuwotcherera zitsulo zachitsulo Chophatikizika chophatikizika ndi kupangira, chifukwa cha malo ofunikira a galimoto yamoto, cholumikizira cha mpira chimaphatikizidwa mukupanga, ndipo kupangira kumalumikizidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo; makina opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi aluminiyumu amapereka magwiritsidwe abwino azinthu komanso zokolola kuposa kupangira, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yoposa mphamvu zakuthupi, zomwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yatsopano.
2. Chepetsani kufalikira kwa kugwedezeka kwa thupi, komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zotanuka pamalo olumikizana ndi mkono wogwedezeka.
Popeza msewu womwe galimoto ikuyendetsapo sungakhale wathyathyathya, mphamvu yowongoka yamsewu yomwe imagwira pamawilo nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta, makamaka poyendetsa liwilo panjira yoyipa, mphamvu iyi imapangitsanso dalaivala. kumva kukhala wosamasuka. , zinthu zotanuka zimayikidwa mumayendedwe oyimitsidwa, ndipo kulumikizana kolimba kumasinthidwa kukhala cholumikizira chotanuka. Pambuyo pa zotanuka zimakhudzidwa, zimapanga kugwedezeka, ndipo kugwedezeka kosalekeza kumapangitsa dalaivala kukhala wovuta, kotero kuyimitsidwa kumafunikira zinthu zowonongeka kuti kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa matalikidwe mofulumira.
Malo olumikizirana pamapangidwe a mkono wogwedezeka ndi kulumikizana kwa zinthu zotanuka komanso kulumikizana kwa mpira. The zotanuka zinthu kupereka kugwedera damping ndi ochepa madigiri mozungulira ndi oscillating ufulu. Zitsulo za mphira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotanuka m'magalimoto, ndipo ma hydraulic bushings ndi ma hinges amtanda amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Chithunzi 2 Mapepala owotcherera zitsulo mkono wozungulira
Kapangidwe ka mphira wa rabara nthawi zambiri ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi mphira kunja, kapena mawonekedwe a masangweji a chitoliro chachitsulo-rabara-chitsulo chitoliro. Chitoliro chamkati chachitsulo chimafuna kukana kukanikiza ndi zofunikira m'mimba mwake, ndipo ma anti-skid serrations amapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri. Wosanjikiza mphira amasintha mawonekedwe azinthu ndi kapangidwe kake molingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zolimba.
Mphete yachitsulo yakunja nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mbali yotsogolera, yomwe imathandizira kusindikiza.
The hydraulic bushing ili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, ndipo ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi njira zovuta komanso mtengo wowonjezera mu gulu la bushing. Mu labala muli chibowo, ndipo mumphako muli mafuta. Mapangidwe a kamangidwe kameneka amapangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za bushing. Ngati mafuta akutuluka, chitsamba chimawonongeka. Ma hydraulic bushings atha kukupatsirani kuuma kopindika bwino, zomwe zimakhudza kuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto.
Hinge ya mtanda ili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta ndipo ndi gawo lamagulu a mphira ndi mpira. Itha kupereka kukhazikika kwabwinoko kuposa tchire, ngodya yokhotakhota ndi ngodya yozungulira, yokhotakhota mwapadera, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zagalimoto yonse. Mahinji owonongeka adzapanga phokoso mu cab pamene galimoto ikuyenda.
3. Ndi kayendetsedwe ka gudumu, mapangidwe apangidwe a chinthu chogwedezeka pamalo olumikizira mkono wogwedezeka.
Msewu wosagwirizana umapangitsa kuti magudumu adumphire mmwamba ndi pansi poyerekeza ndi thupi (chimango), ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo magudumu amayenda, monga kutembenuka, kupita molunjika, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafuna njira ya magudumu kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zina. Nkhono yogwedezeka ndi mgwirizano wa chilengedwe chonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi hinge ya mpira.
Hinge ya mpira wa mkono wogwedezeka imatha kupereka ngodya yozungulira yokulirapo kuposa ± 18 °, ndipo imatha kutembenuza 360 °. Imakwaniritsa mokwanira kuthamanga kwa magudumu ndi zowongolera. Ndipo hinge ya mpira imakwaniritsa zofunikira za 2 zaka kapena 60,000 km ndi zaka 3 kapena 80,000 km pagalimoto yonse.
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana pakati pa mkono wogwedezeka ndi hinge ya mpira (olowa), imatha kugawidwa mu bawuti kapena kugwirizana kwa rivet, hinge ya mpira imakhala ndi flange; kulumikizidwa kosokoneza kofikira, kopendekera kwa mpira kulibe flange; kuphatikizika, mkono wogwedezeka ndi hinji ya mpira Zonse pamodzi. Pamapangidwe achitsulo amtundu umodzi komanso mawonekedwe azitsulo amitundu yambiri, mitundu iwiri yakale yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri; mtundu wotsiriza wa kugwirizana monga zitsulo zopangira zitsulo, zopangira aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
Hinge ya mpira imayenera kuthana ndi kukana kuvala pansi pa katundu, chifukwa cha mbali yayikulu yogwirira ntchito kuposa bushing, kufunikira kwa moyo wapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, hinge ya mpira imayenera kupangidwa kuti ikhale yophatikizika, kuphatikiza mafuta abwino a swing ndi fumbi komanso njira yothirira madzi.
Chithunzi 3 Aluminiyamu yopukusa mkono wopindika
Zotsatira za kapangidwe ka swing mkono pamtundu ndi mtengo
1. Quality factor: chopepuka chimakhala bwino
Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa thupi (komwe kumatchedwanso kuti kugwedezeka kwaufulu kwa dongosolo la vibration) komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa ndi misa yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kasupe woyimitsidwa (sprung mass) ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za kuyimitsidwa komwe kumakhudza kukwera chitonthozo chagalimoto. Kugwedezeka koyima komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi la munthu ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi likuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi poyenda, pafupifupi 1-1.6Hz. Mafupipafupi achilengedwe a thupi ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi ma frequency awa. Pamene kuuma kwa dongosolo kuyimitsidwa mosalekeza, ang'onoang'ono anaphukira misa, ang'onoang'ono mapindikidwe ofukula ya kuyimitsidwa, ndi apamwamba pafupipafupi zachilengedwe.
Pamene katundu woyima ali wokhazikika, kulimba kwa kuyimitsidwa kumakhala kochepa, kutsika kwafupipafupi kwachilengedwe kwa galimoto, ndi malo akuluakulu ofunikira kuti gudumu lidumphire mmwamba ndi pansi.
Pamene mikhalidwe ya misewu ndi liwiro la galimoto zimakhala zofanana, zing'onozing'ono zosawerengeka zosasunthika, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pazitsulo zoyimitsidwa. Misa yosasunthika imaphatikizapo wheel mass, universal joint ndi guide arm mass, etc.
Nthawi zambiri, mkono wopindika wa aluminiyumu umakhala wopepuka kwambiri ndipo mkono wopindika wachitsulo uli ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Ena ali pakati.
Popeza unyinji wa zida zogwedezeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwana 10kg, poyerekeza ndi galimoto yokhala ndi kulemera kopitilira 1000kg, unyinji wa mkono wogwedezeka umakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
2. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali: zimadalira dongosolo la mapangidwe
Zofunikira zambiri, zimakwera mtengo. Poganizira kuti mphamvu zamapangidwe ndi kusasunthika kwa mkono wakugwedezeka kumakwaniritsa zofunikira, zofunikira zololera zopanga, zovuta zopanga zinthu, mtundu wazinthu ndi kupezeka, komanso zofunikira za dzimbiri padziko lonse zimakhudza mtengowo. Mwachitsanzo, anti-corrosion factor: electro-galvanized ❖ kuyanika, kupyolera pamwamba pa passivation ndi mankhwala ena, akhoza kukwaniritsa pafupifupi 144h; chitetezo pamwamba amagawidwa cathodic electrophoretic utoto ❖ kuyanika, amene angathe kukwaniritsa 240h dzimbiri kukana mwa kusintha ❖ kuyanika makulidwe ndi njira mankhwala; Zinc-iron Kapena zinki-nickel ❖ kuyanika, komwe kumatha kukwaniritsa zoyeserera zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zopitilira 500h. Pamene zofunikira za kuyesa kwa dzimbiri zikuwonjezeka, momwemonso mtengo wa gawolo umakwera.
Mtengo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa poyerekezera mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a mkono wogwedezeka.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, makonzedwe osiyanasiyana olimba amawongolera magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana. Makamaka, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti makonzedwe a mfundo zolimba zomwezo ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana olumikizirana angapereke ndalama zosiyanasiyana.
Pali mitundu itatu yolumikizirana pakati pa zigawo zomangika ndi zolumikizira mpira: kulumikizana kudzera pazigawo zokhazikika (maboliti, mtedza kapena ma rivets), kusokoneza koyenera kulumikizana ndi kuphatikiza. Poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe olumikizirana, mawonekedwe olumikizirana osokoneza amachepetsa mitundu yazigawo, monga ma bolts, mtedza, rivets ndi magawo ena. The Integrated chidutswa chimodzi kuposa kusokoneza zoyenera kugwirizana dongosolo amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mbali ya mpira olowa olowa chipolopolo.
Pali mitundu iwiri yolumikizirana pakati pa membala wokhazikika ndi zotanuka: zinthu zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo ndizofanana ndi axially ndi axially perpendicular. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimatsimikizira njira zosiyanasiyana zosonkhanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kukanikiza malangizo a bushing ndi mbali yomweyo ndi perpendicular kugwedezeka mkono thupi. Makina osindikizira a mutu umodzi wapawiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukanikiza-kuyenerera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo nthawi imodzi, kupulumutsa anthu, zipangizo ndi nthawi; Ngati njira yokhazikitsirayo ili yosagwirizana (yoyima), makina osindikizira amtundu umodzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukanikiza ndikuyika bushing motsatizana, kupulumutsa antchito ndi zida; pamene bushing idapangidwa kuti ikanikizidwe kuchokera mkati, masiteshoni awiri ndi makina osindikizira awiri amafunikira, motsatizana kanikizani-kuyenerera bushing.
