Mkono wozungulira nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa gudumu ndi thupi, ndipo ndi gawo lachitetezo lokhudzana ndi dalaivala lomwe limatumiza mphamvu, limafooketsa kutumiza kwa kugwedezeka, komanso limawongolera komwe kukupita.
Mkono wozungulira nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa gudumu ndi thupi, ndipo ndi gawo lachitetezo lokhudzana ndi dalaivala lomwe limatumiza mphamvu, limachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa magalimoto, komanso limayang'anira njira. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kapangidwe kake ka mkono wozungulira pamsika, ndikuyerekeza ndikuwunika momwe nyumba zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzira njira, ubwino ndi mtengo.
Choyimitsa galimoto chassis chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: choyimitsa kutsogolo ndi choyimitsa kumbuyo. Choyimitsa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo chili ndi manja ozungulira kuti chilumikize mawilo ndi thupi. Manja ozungulira nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa mawilo ndi thupi.
Ntchito ya mkono wowongolera ndikulumikiza gudumu ndi chimango, kutumiza mphamvu, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa magalimoto, ndikuwongolera komwe akupita. Ndi gawo lachitetezo lomwe limakhudza dalaivala. Pali zigawo zomangira zotumizira mphamvu mu dongosolo loyimitsira, kotero kuti mawilo aziyenda molingana ndi thupi malinga ndi njira inayake. Zigawo zomangira zimatumiza katundu, ndipo dongosolo lonse loyimitsira limanyamula magwiridwe antchito a galimotoyo.
Ntchito zofanana ndi kapangidwe ka mkono wozungulira galimoto
1. Kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakusamutsa katundu, kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka mkono wogwedezeka ndi ukadaulo
Magalimoto ambiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito njira zodziyimira pawokha. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapangidwe kake, njira zodziyimira pawokha zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa wishbone, mtundu wa trailing arm, mtundu wa multi-link, mtundu wa candle ndi mtundu wa McPherson. Dzanja lopingasa ndi dzanja lotsamira ndi kapangidwe ka mphamvu ziwiri za dzanja limodzi mu multi-link, ndi mfundo ziwiri zolumikizira. Ndodo ziwiri za mphamvu ziwiri zimasonkhanitsidwa pa cholumikizira chapadziko lonse pa ngodya inayake, ndipo mizere yolumikizira ya mfundo zolumikizira imapanga kapangidwe ka triangular. Mphamvu yapansi ya MacPherson kutsogolo ndi dzanja lozungulira la mfundo zitatu lokhala ndi mfundo zitatu zolumikizira. Mzere wolumikiza mfundo zitatu zolumikizira ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika ka triangular komwe kumatha kupirira katundu mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Kapangidwe ka mkono wozungulira wa mphamvu ziwiri ndi kosavuta, ndipo kapangidwe kake nthawi zambiri kamatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi ukatswiri wosiyanasiyana komanso momwe kampani iliyonse imagwirira ntchito mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosindikizidwa (onani Chithunzi 1), kapangidwe kake ndi mbale imodzi yachitsulo yopanda kuwotcherera, ndipo thumba la kapangidwe kake limakhala ngati "I"; kapangidwe ka chitsulo cholumikizidwa (onani Chithunzi 2), kapangidwe kake ndi mbale yachitsulo yolumikizidwa, ndipo thumba la kapangidwe kake ndi lalikulu. Lili ngati "口"; kapena mbale zolimbitsa zapafupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera ndikulimbitsa malo owopsa; kapangidwe ka makina opangira zitsulo, thumba la kapangidwe kake ndi lolimba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasinthidwa kwambiri malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chassis; kapangidwe ka makina opangira aluminiyamu (onani Chithunzi 3), kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba, ndipo zofunikira pa mawonekedwe ake ndizofanana ndi chitsulo chopangira zitsulo; kapangidwe ka chitoliro chachitsulo ndi kosavuta, ndipo thumba la kapangidwe kake ndi lozungulira.
Kapangidwe ka mkono wozungulira wa mfundo zitatu ndi kovuta, ndipo kapangidwe kake nthawi zambiri kamatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira za OEM. Mu kusanthula koyerekeza koyenda, mkono wozungulira sungasokoneze ziwalo zina, ndipo zambiri mwa izo zimakhala ndi zofunikira zochepa patali. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosindikizidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo cholumikizidwa, dzenje la sensor harness kapena cholumikizira cholumikizira ndodo chokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. zidzasintha kapangidwe ka mkono wozungulira; dzenje la kapangidwe kake likadali mu mawonekedwe a "pakamwa", ndipo dzenje la mkono wozungulira lidzapangidwa bwino kuposa kapangidwe kosatsekedwa. Kapangidwe kopangidwa ndi makina opangira, dzenje la kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe a "I", omwe ali ndi makhalidwe achikhalidwe a torsion ndi kukana kupindika; kapangidwe ka makina opangira, mawonekedwe ndi dzenje la kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi nthiti zolimbitsa ndi mabowo ochepetsa kulemera malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kuponyera; kulowetsa chitsulo cha pepala Kapangidwe kophatikizidwa ndi kupangira, chifukwa cha zofunikira pa malo okonzera galimoto, cholumikizira cha mpira chimaphatikizidwa mu kupangira, ndipo kupangira kumalumikizidwa ndi chitsulo cha pepala; Kapangidwe ka makina opangira aluminiyamu kopangidwa ndi chitsulo kamapereka kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu komanso kupanga bwino kuposa kupanga, ndipo kali ndi mphamvu yoposa ya zinthu zopangira chitsulo, zomwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano.
2. Chepetsani kufalikira kwa kugwedezeka kupita ku thupi, ndi kapangidwe kake ka chinthu chotanuka pamalo olumikizira mkono wogwedezeka
Popeza malo a msewu omwe galimoto ikuyendetsa sangakhale osalala kwenikweni, mphamvu yoyimirira ya pamwamba pa msewu yomwe imagwira ntchito pamawilo nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhudza, makamaka poyendetsa galimoto mothamanga kwambiri pamalo oipa a msewu, mphamvu yokhudzayi imapangitsanso dalaivala kumva kusasangalala. Zinthu zotanuka zimayikidwa mu dongosolo loyimitsidwa, ndipo kulumikizana kolimba kumasanduka kulumikizana kotanuka. Chinthu chotanuka chikakhudzidwa, chimapanga kugwedezeka, ndipo kugwedezeka kosalekeza kumapangitsa dalaivala kumva kusasangalala, kotero dongosolo loyimitsidwa limafunikira zinthu zochepetsera kugwedezeka kuti lichepetse kugwedezeka mwachangu.
Malo olumikizirana mu kapangidwe ka mkono wozungulira ndi kulumikizana kwa elastic element ndi kulumikizana kwa mpira. Zinthu zotanuka zimapereka kugwedezeka kwa kugwedezeka komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa madigiri ozungulira komanso osinthasintha a ufulu. Ma bushing a rabara nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotanuka m'magalimoto, ndipo ma bushing a hydraulic ndi ma hinge opingasa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Chithunzi 2 Chitsulo chowotcherera chachitsulo chozungulira
Kapangidwe ka bushing ya rabara nthawi zambiri ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi rabala kunja, kapena kapangidwe ka sandwichi ka chitoliro chachitsulo-rabala-chitsulo. Chitoliro chamkati chachitsulo chimafuna kukana kupanikizika ndi zofunikira za m'mimba mwake, ndipo ma serrations oletsa kutsetsereka amapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri. Chigawo cha rabala chimasintha njira yopangira zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikika.
Mphete yachitsulo yakunja nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ngodya yolowera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti igwirizane bwino.
Chitsulo cha hydraulic chili ndi kapangidwe kovuta, ndipo ndi chinthu chokhala ndi njira yovuta komanso chowonjezera mtengo mu gulu la chitsulo. Pali dzenje mu rabara, ndipo pali mafuta mu dzenje. Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka dzenje kumachitika malinga ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa chitsulo. Ngati mafuta atuluka, chitsulocho chimawonongeka. Ma hydraulic bushings amatha kupereka mawonekedwe abwino okhwima, zomwe zimakhudza kuyendetsa bwino galimoto.
Hinge yopingasa ili ndi kapangidwe kovuta ndipo ndi gawo lopangidwa ndi ma hinge a rabara ndi mpira. Imatha kupereka kulimba bwino kuposa bushing, swing angle ndi rotating angle, special stiff curve, komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yonse. Ma hinge opingasa owonongeka amatulutsa phokoso m'galimoto galimoto ikamayenda.
3. Pamene gudumu likusuntha, kapangidwe ka chinthu chozungulira chimapangidwa pamalo olumikizira mkono wozungulira
Malo osalinganika a msewu amachititsa kuti mawilo azidumphadumpha mmwamba ndi pansi poyerekeza ndi thupi (chimango), ndipo nthawi yomweyo mawilowo amayenda, monga kutembenuka, kuyenda molunjika, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafuna kuti mawilo ayende motsatira njira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zina. Mkono wozungulira ndi cholumikizira cha universal nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi hinge ya mpira.
Hinge ya mpira wa mkono wogwedezeka imatha kupereka ngodya yozungulira yoposa ±18°, ndipo imatha kupereka ngodya yozungulira ya 360°. Imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za kuthamanga kwa mawilo ndi chiwongolero. Ndipo hinge ya mpira imakwaniritsa zofunikira za chitsimikizo cha zaka ziwiri kapena 60,000 km ndi zaka zitatu kapena 80,000 km pagalimoto yonse.
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana pakati pa mkono wozungulira ndi hinge ya mpira (cholumikizira mpira), chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: cholumikizira cha bolt kapena rivet, hinge ya mpira ili ndi flange; cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira, hinge ya mpira ilibe flange; cholumikizidwa, mkono wozungulira ndi hinge ya mpira. Zonse mu chimodzi. Pa kapangidwe ka chitsulo chimodzi ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi ma sheet ambiri, mitundu iwiri yakale yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri; mtundu womaliza wolumikizira monga chitsulo chopangira, aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo choponyedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Hinge ya mpira iyenera kukwaniritsa kukana kwa kuwonongeka pansi pa momwe katunduyo amagwiritsidwira ntchito, chifukwa cha ngodya yogwira ntchito yayikulu kuposa bushing, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, hinge ya mpira imafunika kupangidwa ngati kapangidwe kogwirizana, kuphatikizapo mafuta abwino a swing ndi fumbi komanso makina opaka mafuta osalowa madzi.
Chithunzi 3 Aluminiyamu yopangidwa ndi mkono wozungulira
Mmene kapangidwe ka mkono wozungulira kamakhudzira ubwino ndi mtengo wake
1. Chinthu chabwino: kuwala kumakhala bwino
Mafupipafupi achilengedwe a thupi (omwe amadziwikanso kuti mafupipafupi a kugwedezeka kwaulere kwa dongosolo la kugwedezeka) omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa ndi kulemera komwe kumathandizidwa ndi kasupe woyimitsidwa (sprung mass) ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za dongosolo loyimitsidwa lomwe limakhudza chitonthozo cha galimoto. Mafupipafupi a kugwedezeka koyima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi la munthu ndi mafupipafupi a thupi lomwe limayenda mmwamba ndi pansi poyenda, omwe ndi pafupifupi 1-1.6Hz. Mafupipafupi achilengedwe a thupi ayenera kukhala pafupi momwe angathere ndi mafupipafupi awa. Pamene kuuma kwa dongosolo loyimitsidwa kuli kosasintha, kuchuluka kwa kuphulika kumakhala kochepa, kusinthasintha kwa kuyimitsidwa kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kumakhala kwakukulu.
Pamene katundu woyimirira uli wokhazikika, kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa kumakhala kochepa, kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka galimoto kumakhala kochepa, ndipo malo ofunikira kuti gudumu lidumphe mmwamba ndi pansi amakhala akulu.
Pamene mikhalidwe ya msewu ndi liwiro la galimoto zili zofanana, kulemera kwa galimoto yosadulidwa kumakhala kochepa, katundu wogunda pa makina oimika magalimoto amakhala wochepa. Kulemera kwa galimoto yosadulidwa kumaphatikizapo kulemera kwa mawilo, cholumikizira cha universal ndi mkono wotsogolera, ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri, mkono wozungulira wa aluminiyamu uli ndi kulemera kopepuka kwambiri ndipo mkono wozungulira wachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo uli ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Zina zili pakati.
Popeza kulemera kwa seti ya mikono yozungulira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 10kg, poyerekeza ndi galimoto yolemera kuposa 1000kg, kulemera kwa mkono wozungulira sikukhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
2. Mtengo: zimadalira dongosolo la kapangidwe
Zofunikira zambiri, mtengo wake umakwera. Poganizira kuti mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndi kulimba kwa mkono wogwedezeka zikukwaniritsa zofunikira, zofunikira pakupirira kupanga, kuvutika kwa njira zopangira, mtundu wa zinthu ndi kupezeka kwake, komanso zofunikira pakuzingidwa kwa pamwamba zimakhudza mwachindunji mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri: zokutira zamagetsi, kudzera mu kusuntha kwa pamwamba ndi njira zina zothandizira, zimatha kufika pafupifupi maola 144; chitetezo cha pamwamba chimagawidwa mu utoto wa cathodic electrophoretic, womwe ungafikire kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa maola 240 kudzera mukusintha makulidwe a zokutira ndi njira zochizira; zinc-iron Kapena zinc-nickel zokutira, zomwe zingafikire zofunikira pakuyesa kotsutsana ndi dzimbiri kwa maola opitilira 500. Pamene zofunikira pakuyesa dzimbiri zikuwonjezeka, mtengo wa gawolo umakweranso.
Mtengo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa poyerekeza mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a mkono wozungulira.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, makonzedwe osiyanasiyana a malo olimba amapereka magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana. Makamaka, ziyenera kudziwika kuti makonzedwe ofanana a malo olimba ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a malo olumikizira angapereke ndalama zosiyana.
Pali mitundu itatu ya kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo zomangira ndi malo olumikizira mpira: kulumikizana kudzera m'zigawo zokhazikika (maboluti, mtedza kapena ma rivets), kulumikizana ndi kuphatikizana kwa malo olumikizirana. Poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika kolumikizirana, kapangidwe kolumikizira kolumikizana kolumikizana kamachepetsa mitundu ya zigawo, monga ma boluti, mtedza, ma rivets ndi zigawo zina. Kapangidwe kolumikizana kamodzi kophatikizana kuposa kapangidwe kolumikizira kolumikizana kolumikizana kamachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo za chipolopolo cholumikizira mpira.
Pali njira ziwiri zolumikizirana pakati pa chiwalo chomangira ndi chinthu chotanuka: zinthu zotanuka zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo zimakhala zofanana komanso zopingasa. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimatsimikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zosonkhanitsira. Mwachitsanzo, njira yokankhira ya bushing ili mbali imodzi komanso yopingasa ku thupi la mkono wozungulira. Chosindikizira cha mutu umodzi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukanikiza ma bushing akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo nthawi imodzi, kusunga mphamvu ya anthu, zida ndi nthawi; Ngati njira yokhazikitsira siili yogwirizana (yowongoka), chosindikizira cha mutu umodzi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukanikiza ndikuyika bushing motsatizana, kusunga mphamvu ya anthu ndi zida; pamene bushing yapangidwa kuti ikanikizidwe mkati, masiteshoni awiri ndi ma press awiri amafunika, kukanikiza bushing motsatizana.
