Mbiri Yakale
M'zaka za m'ma 1800, ndi kukula kwa capitacism, akapita akuluakulu ambiri amazunza ogwira ntchito mwankhanza ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yayikulu komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti atulutse ndalama zambiri pofuna kutsatira phindu. Ogwira ntchitowo adagwira ntchito maola oposa 12 patsiku ndipo ntchito zogwira ntchito zinali zoyipa kwambiri.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa tsiku la maola eyiti
Pambuyo pa zaka za zana la 19, makamaka kudzera munthawi ya Chiriti, gawo la nkhondo ya Britain lakhala likukulira. Mu June 1847, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Britain inadutsa tsiku lakale lomwe linali la tsiku lakale. Mu 1856, nyumba zagolide ku Melbourne, Australia, adagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wogwira ntchito ndipo adamenyera tsiku la maola eyiti. Pambuyo pa 1870s, ogwira ntchito aku Britain m'mabuku ena adapambana tsiku la maola asanu ndi limodzi. Mu Seputembara 1866, woyamba ku Congress wake woyamba ku Geneva, pomwe, chifukwa kuvomerezeka kwa ntchito kwa Marx ndi njira yoyamba yocheza, "adapita patsogolo komaliza kwa maola asanu ndi atatu a ntchito." Kuyambira pamenepo, ogwira ntchito m'maiko onse amenya nkhondoyi kwa tsiku la maola eyiti.
Mu 1866, msonkhano wa Geneva wa dziko loyambirira la Slogan tsiku la maola eyiti. Munkhondo ya dziko lapadziko lonse lapansi kwa nthawi ya maola eyiti, gulu la ogwirira ntchito America linatsogolera. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni America mu 1860s, ogwira ntchito aku America adayika momveka bwino za "kumenya nkhondo tsiku la maola eyiti". Slogan idafalikira mwachangu ndikukopa kwambiri.
Woyendetsedwa ndi gulu la ku America, mu 1867, mayiko asanu ndi limodzi adadutsa malamulo oyendetsedwa ndi maola eyiti. Mu June 1868, Congress Congress idakhazikitsa lamulo loyamba la feduro pa tsiku la maola eyiti m'mbiri ya America, ndikupanga tsiku la maola eyiti, lomwe limagwira ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito maola eyiti. Mu 1876, Khothi Lalikulu linagwetsa lamulo la Federal tsiku la maola eyiti.
1877 Panali kugunda koyamba ku National mbiri ya America. Ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchitoyo adapita kumisewu kuti awonetse boma kuti lithandizire bwino ntchito ndi moyo waufupi ndikupempha kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Povuta kwambiri ndi gulu la ogwira ntchito, US Congress idakakamizidwa kuti iloweretse lamulo la maola 8, koma pamapeto ake lidakhala kalata yakufa.
Pambuyo pa 1880s, kulimbana kwa tsiku la maola eyiti lidakhala vuto lalikulu ku Americana yogwira ntchito ku America. Mu 1882, ogwira ntchito aku America adaganiza kuti Lolemba loyamba mu Seputembala musankhidwa kukhala tsiku lowonetseratu, ndikumenya zotopa chifukwa cha izi. Mu 1884, msonkhano wa AFL unaganiza kuti Lolemba loyamba mu Seputembala ikhoza kukhala tsiku lopumula kwa ogwira ntchito. Ngakhale lingaliro ili silinagwirizane mwachindunji ndi kulimbana kwa nthawi ya maola eyiti, yomwe idalimbikitsa kulimbana kwa tsiku la maola eyiti. Congress idayenera kudutsa lamulo lopanga Lolemba loyamba ku September tsiku logwira ntchito. Mu Disembala 1884, kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko cha kulimbana kwa nthawi ya maola eyiti, AFL inapanganso mbiri yakale kuti ikhale maola eyiti, 1886, tsiku laukadaulo likhala likugwirizana ndi izi. "
Kukula kwa ntchito yogwira ntchito
Mu Okutobala 1884, asanu ndi atatu aku United States ndi Canada adadziphatika ku Chicago, United States, kuti amenye nkhondo ya maola 8, ndipo adaganiza zoyamba kumenyedwa tsiku la maola eyiti. Gulu la aku America lomwe linagwira kudutsa dziko lonselo komanso chidwi, ndipo anthu zikwizikwi ambiri m'mizinda yambiri adagwira nkhondo.
Lingaliro la AFL linayankha mwachangu kwa ogwira ntchito ku United States. Kuyambira 1886, kalasi yogwira ntchito ku American yachititsa chidwi, kumenyana, ndi boycotts kukakamiza olemba anzawo ntchito kuti atenge tsiku la maola eyiti ndi Meyi 1. Vuto lidayamba kulowa mu Meyi. Pa Meyi 1, 1886, ogwira ntchito 350,000 ku Chicago ndi mizinda ina ku United States idayamba kugwira ntchito ndikuwonetsa kuti kukhazikitsa tsiku la maola 8 ndikusintha mikhalidwe. Chidziwitso cha ogwira ntchito ku United Stati Werengani, "Nyamuka, ogwira ntchito ku America! Meyi 1, 1886 Ikani zida zanu, ikani ntchito yanu, tsekani mafakitale anu ndi migodi tsiku limodzi pachaka. Ili ndi tsiku lopanduka, osapuma! Ino si tsiku lomwe kachitidwe ka akapolo ku dziko lapansi ndikuperekedwa kwa wolankhulidwayo. Ino ndi tsiku lomwe ogwira ntchito amapanga malamulo awo ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu kuti iwathandize! Lino ndilo tsiku lomwe ndimayamba kusangalala ndi maola asanu ndi atatu, maola asanu ndi atatu, ndipo maola asanu ndi atatu mwanga.
Ogwira ntchito adapita kukafika, mafakitale akuluakulu akumiyala ku United States. Masitima adasiya kuthamanga, mashopu adatsekedwa, ndipo malo osungiramo malo onse adasindikizidwa.
Koma kugundana ndi maulamuliro a US, ogwira ntchito ambiri adaphedwa ndikumangidwa, ndipo dziko lonse linagwedezeka. Mothandizidwa ndi pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kulimbana kwa kalasi yogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, boma la US pomaliza pake lidakhazikitsidwa tsiku logwira ntchito tsiku limodzi patatha mwezi umodzi, ndipo oyenda ku America adapambana.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Meyi 1 International Ogwira Ntchito
Mu Julayi 1889, yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, yotsogozedwa ndi a Engels, inali ndi Congress ku Paris. Kukumbukira "Menyani tsiku" la Ogwira ntchito aku America, kumawonetsa "ogwira ntchito padziko lapansi, gwirizangani!" Mphamvu yayikulu kupititsa patsogolo kulimbana kwa ogwira ntchito m'maiko onse akugwira ntchito tsiku la maola eyiti, msonkhano uja unayamba kukhazikitsidwa, pa Meyi 1, 1890, ogwira ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi adagwira paradi ya ogwira ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndiye kuti, lero "Meyi 1 Tsiku la Ufulu Ino."
Pa Meyi 1, 1890, kalasi yogwirira ntchito ku Europe ndi United States inatsogolera pakupita kumisewu kuti ikhale ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu ndi zokonda zawo. Kuyambira pamenepo, nthawi iliyonse patsikuli, anthu akumayiko onse padziko lapansi adzasonkhana ndi parade kuti achite.
The Meyi Meyi Yogwira Ntchito ku Russia ndi Soviet Union
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Eners mu Ogasiti 1895, omwe ali mgulu lachiwiri lapadziko lonse adayamba kukhala wolamulira, ndipo mbali zake za ogwira ntchito ndi gawo la wachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pambuyo pake, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha, atsogoleri a zipani izi adaperekanso zomwe zidapangitsa kuti provertimasia ikhale yolimbikitsa kwambiri pochita zachikhalidwe komanso adakhala a anguvinists m'malo mwa nkhondo. Pansi pa Slogan "chitetezo cha ana a mayiko onse, amapha wina ndi mnzake kuti apindule ndi mwayi wawo. Chifukwa chake bungwe la logawika padziko lonse lapansi silinandikhululukidwe ndipo tsiku lililonse, chizindikiro cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, zidathetsedwa. Pambuyo pa nkhondoyi, chifukwa cha utsogoleri wa kusintha kwa proletaliarian komwe kumayiko ena, omanga, kuti athandizenso mbendera yachiwiri kuti ipusitse anthu ambiri. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pa funso la momwe mungakumbukireni "tsiku lomwe liyenera kulimbana pakati pa a Marxists a Revolury ndi Okonzanso zinthu ziwiri m'njira ziwiri.
Malinga ndi utsogoleri wa Lenin, Proletali ya Russia inalumikizidwa ndi "Meyi tsiku" lomwe limakumbukira ndi zosintha za nthawi yosinthira, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chikondwerero cha pachaka cha Revolearian. Chikumbutso choyambirira cha Meyi Meyi pofika The Russian Proletaliat anali mu 1891. Pa tsiku la Meyi 1900, a Moscow, Chifristi), Aristov ndi mizinda ina yambiri. Kutsatira malangizo a Lenin, mu 19101 ndi 1902, ziwonetsero zogwira ntchito ku Russia zikugwirizana kwambiri, kutembenuka kumbali m'magazi pakati pa ogwira ntchito pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo.
Mu Julayi 1903, Russia idakhazikitsa phwando loyamba la Marxist yolimbana ndi proleletantiat. Pa Congress iyi, kusintha koyamba koyambirira kwa Meyini kunakhazikitsidwa ndi Lenin. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kukumbukira kwa tsiku la ma Russia ndi utsogoleri wa chipani, kwalowanso malo ena osinthira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zikondwerero za tsiku lizikhala ku Russia, ndipo gulu la antchito likupitilizabe kukwera, kuphatikiza makumi masauzande ambiri ogwira ntchito, ndipo gulu lankhondo lidachitika.
Chifukwa cha chigonjetso cha October, gulu la ogwirira ntchito Soviet adayamba kukumbukira tsiku la anthu omwe ali m'gawo lawo la anthu omwe ali nawo kuyambira 1918. ProutleirEnglols mu maiko amenewa.
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Post Nthawi: Meyi-01-2024