Chikondwerero cha Qingming ndi tanthauzo la chikhalidwe ndi kulambira kwa mwezi kwa makolo atatu a March
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe cha Chikondwerero cha Qingming
“Chikondwerero cha Qingming ndi chimodzi mwa zikondwerero zofunika kwambiri zachikhalidwe ku China. Sikuti ndi chikondwerero chokha choti anthu azilemekeza makolo awo ndikusunga kukumbukira makolo awo, komanso ndi mgwirizano wa dziko la China kuti adziwe makolo awo, komanso mwambo wa masika woyenda pansi, kuyandikira chilengedwe ndikulimbikitsa moyo watsopano.” Dokotala wa nthano wa ku Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Shi Aidong, anatero. Monga gawo lofunika la Chikondwerero cha Qingming, miyambo yopereka nsembe, kutuluka ndi miyambo ina imachokera ku Chikondwerero cha Cold Food ndi Chikondwerero cha Shangsi. Chikondwerero cha Cold Food chikugwirizana ndi kumvetsetsa kwa anthu akale za chilengedwe. Ku China, kubadwanso kwa moto watsopano pambuyo pa chakudya chozizira ndi mwambo wosinthira wotsanzikana ndi zakale ndikubweretsa zatsopano, kuwulula zambiri za kusintha kwa nyengo, kusonyeza chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano, chiyembekezo chatsopano, moyo watsopano ndi kuzungulira kwatsopano. Pambuyo pake, lili ndi tanthauzo la “kuyamikira”, komanso kutsindika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi kuyamikira “zakale”.
Chakudya chozizira choletsedwa moto chakudya chozizira manda operekera nsembe, Qingming yatenga moto watsopano. Asanayambe Ufumu wa Tang, chakudya chozizira ndi Qingming zinali zikondwerero ziwiri zotsatizana zokhala ndi mitu yosiyana. Choyamba chinali kulira akufa pomwe chachiwiri chinali kufunafuna chisamaliro chatsopano kwa ophunzira. Yin ndi Yang, moyo wa mpweya, awiriwa ali ndi ubale wapamtima. Kuletsa moto ndiko kupanga moto, kupereka imfa ndiko kupulumutsa moyo, womwe ndi ubale wamkati pakati pa chakudya chozizira ndi Qingming. Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Xuanzong wa Ufumu wa Tang, khoti lachifumu linakhazikitsa mwambo wosesa manda mwa njira ya malamulo aboma pa Chikondwerero cha Chakudya Chozizira chisanachitike Chikondwerero cha Qingming. Chifukwa chakudya chozizira ndi Chikondwerero cha Qingming zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi, mwambo wa Chikondwerero cha Chakudya Chozizira unagwirizanitsidwa ndi Chikondwerero cha Qingming koyambirira kwambiri, ndipo kusesa manda kunakulitsidwa kuchokera ku chakudya chozizira kupita ku Chikondwerero cha Qingming.
Pambuyo polowa mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo, Qingming ndi chakudya chozizira zinagwirizana pang'onopang'ono kukhala chimodzi, ndipo Qingming inatenga mwambo wopereka nsembe mu Chikondwerero cha Chakudya Chozizira pansi pa dzina lake. Nthawi yomweyo, miyambo ya chikondwerero cha "Shangsi spring" inaphatikizidwanso mu Chikondwerero cha Qingming. Pambuyo pa Ming ndi Qing Dynasties, Chikondwerero cha Shangsi chinachoka mu dongosolo la chikondwererocho, ndipo Chikondwerero cha Chakudya Chozizira chinatha. Chikondwerero chimodzi cha Qingming chinangochitika masika.
"Chikondwerero cha Qingming ndi kuphatikiza ndi kugawa zikondwerero pafupifupi zonse za masika, ndipo mwambo wa Chikondwerero cha Qingming uli ndi tanthauzo la chikhalidwe cholemera." Shi Aidong anatero. Mosiyana ndi zikondwerero zina zachikhalidwe, Chikondwerero cha Qingming ndi chikondwerero chokwanira chomwe chimaphatikiza "mawu a dzuwa" ndi "miyambo ya zikondwerero". Qingming kuchokera ku mawu a dzuwa ili mu equinox ya masika pambuyo poti, panthawiyi nyengo ikutentha, yodzaza ndi mphamvu, anthu akuyenda mapiri, pafupi ndi chilengedwe, tinganene kuti ikutsatira tsikulo, imathandizira kuyamwa mpweya wachilengedwe wa Yang, kufalitsa kuzizira ndi kupsinjika maganizo, zabwino pa thanzi la thupi ndi la maganizo.
Kuyambira mu Ufumu wa Tang, chakudya chozizira ndi Qingming zinkagwirizana pa tchuthi, ndipo maudindo osiyanasiyana a chaka anali ndi masiku anayi mpaka asanu ndi awiri opuma motsatana. Ufumu wa Nyimbo unali nthawi imene moyo unali kukulirakulira m'mizinda ndipo miyambo ya anthu inali kupita patsogolo pa zosangalatsa. Pofuna kulola anthu kusesa manda ndikupita ku Qingming, zanenedwa kuti Taixue ili ndi masiku atatu opuma ndipo masewera ankhondo ali ndi tsiku limodzi lopuma. "Mapu a Mtsinje wa Qingming" akuwonetsa chithunzi cha Qingming cholemera panthawiyo.
Kutsegula manda ndi kutuluka, poyamba mitu iwiri yosiyana ya chikhalidwe, pambuyo pa Ulamuliro wa Nyimbo pang'onopang'ono kunalumikizana, ndipo kumapitiliza kupatsidwa tanthauzo labwino la chikhalidwe. Anthu amalumikiza mwachindunji kulambira makolo ndi khalidwe la dziko la mtundu wa China, lomwe limaika kufunika kwakukulu ku kupembedza kwa ana ndikutsatira mosamala zakale, ndipo amaganiza kuti miyambo ya Chikondwerero cha Qingming imasonyeza chidziwitso cha makhalidwe abwino cha anthu aku China kuti aziyamikira osati kuiwala mizu yawo. Kufunika kwake kwa chikhalidwe kuli kofanana ndi Tsiku la Thanksgiving la Kumadzulo. Pali ubale waukulu pakati pa zochita za kulambira makolo ndi chikhalidwe cha kupembedza kwa ana chomwe chinakhazikika kwambiri mu chikhalidwe cha China, ndipo chikhalidwe ichi ndiye mzati wa chitukuko chogwirizana komanso chokhazikika cha anthu aku China kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kukhazikitsa ubale wogwirizana pakati pa mibadwo yakale ndi yapano, omwe adalipo kale ndi mbadwa, ndikupititsa patsogolo ubale wogwirizana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu, munthu ndi chilengedwe. Ichinso ndi maziko achikhalidwe a Chikondwerero cha Qingming chokhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu.
Shi Aidong adayambitsa kuti chifukwa cha kukula kwa mphamvu zopindulitsa komanso kusintha kwa moyo wa anthu, Chikondwerero cha Qingming poyamba chidawoneka ngati chizolowezi chosintha kuchoka pa nsembe yopatulika kupita ku zosangalatsa zadziko, ndipo manda a Chikondwerero cha Qingming akhala nthawi ya tchuthi yopita kutchuthi cha masika. Chifukwa msondodzi ndi nyengo ya masika, msondodzi ndi msondodzi ndi miyambo yapadera ya Qingming. Mu nthawi ya Republic of China, tsiku lobzala msondodzi linakhala "Tsiku Lobzala". Komabe, mosasamala kanthu momwe lisinthira, kulira ndi nsembe ndizofunikira kwambiri mu Qingming yaku China.
"Kaya kuchokera pachiyambi kapena kuchokera ku kusintha kwake, tikhoza kufotokoza mwachidule matanthauzo awiri ophiphiritsa a Chikondwerero cha Qingming, chimodzi ndi 'chikumbutso cha Thanksgiving' ndipo china ndi 'kulimbikitsa ophunzira atsopano'."
Chiyambi cha kulambira makolo pa tsiku lachitatu la mwezi wachitatu
Mwambo wolambira mzinda wa Ding Haishi wa Chaka cha Mfumu Yachikasu pa Epulo 19 (tsiku lachitatu la mwezi wachitatu) mumzinda wa Xuanyuan Huangdi - Mzinda wa Xinzheng, Chigawo cha Henan.
Mtsogoleri wa komiti yokonza mwambo wa Baizu, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa bungwe la kafukufuku wa chikhalidwe cha Chinese Yanhuang, wapampando wa CPPCC ku Henan Provincial, Wang Shu, anati kuyambira kale pakhala mwambi wakuti "3 March, Xuanyuan anabadwa". Kulambira Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, ndi mwambo wachikhalidwe wa dziko la China. Choyamba chikuwoneka m'zinthu zakale, pamene nthawi ya masika ndi autumn. Pambuyo pa ufumu wa Tang, pang'onopang'ono unakhala lamulo, lomwe linafika mpaka pano.
Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, Mzinda wa Xinzheng ku Henan Province unkatchedwa Dziko la Zimbalangondo panthawi ya Mfumu Yachikasu. Pali zotsalira zachikhalidwe zoposa 20 za Mfumu Yachikasu, ndipo ndi komwe Mfumu Yachikasu inabadwira, inayamba bizinesi yake ndikukhazikitsa likulu lake. Xuanyuan Huangdi m'derali asilikali a Xiude zhen, anthu otonthoza, digiri yachinayi, Mfumu ya Rong Yan inagwirizanitsa dziko lonse lapansi.
Mibadwo yotsatira kuti ikumbukire zabwino za Mfumu Yachikasu, chaka chilichonse pa tsiku lachitatu la Marichi mumzinda wa Mfumu Yachikasu kuti achite zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolambira makolo, makamaka nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi ya autumn, dzina la boma la Zheng ndi kupitirizabe kuchita izi, kukwera kwa phiri lachitatu la March (lomwe lili ku Xinzheng City, zochitika zakale za Mfumu Yachikasu) kulambira zochitika za Mfumu Yachikasu Xuanyuan, ndipo kupangidwa kwa nthano kunapitirira.
Wang Liqun, pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Henan, anati kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti Mfumu Yachikasu inkaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe mu nthawi ya chitukuko, panalinso chinthu china chofunikira: Mfumu Yachikasu inali kholo limodzi la dziko la China.
Malinga ndi komiti yokonza mwambo wolambira makolo a m'mudzi wa Mfumu Yachikasu ku Dinghai Chaka cha Chigawo cha Henan, zochitika zazikulu zolambira makolo ku Xinzheng City, komwe ndi kwawo kwa Mfumu Yachikasu, zinayamba mu 1992, ndipo pambuyo pake zinasanduka Chikondwerero cha Chikhalidwe cha Yanhuang, chomwe chachitika nthawi zoposa 10. Mu kalendala ya mwezi wa pa 3 Marichi, 2006, Chigawo cha Henan m'chaka chomwe mwambo wolambira m'mudzi wa Mfumu Yachikasu unachitikira bwino ku Xinzheng City, uli ndi mphamvu zambiri m'dziko ndi kunja.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-03-2024