Poyendetsa galimoto, galimotoyo imafunika kusintha njira yoyendetsera galimoto pafupipafupi malinga ndi chifuniro cha dalaivala, chomwe chimatchedwa chiwongolero cha galimoto. Ponena za magalimoto okhala ndi mawilo, njira yodziwira chiwongolero cha galimotoyo ndi yakuti dalaivala amapangitsa mawilo (mawilo oyendetsera galimoto) pa axle yoyendetsera galimoto (nthawi zambiri axle yakutsogolo) ya galimotoyo kuti asinthe ngodya ina poyerekeza ndi mzere wautali wa galimotoyo kudzera mu njira zina zapadera. Galimoto ikayendetsa molunjika, chiwongolero nthawi zambiri chimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yosokoneza mbali ya msewu, ndipo chimatembenuka chokha kuti chisinthe njira yoyendetsera galimoto. Panthawiyi, dalaivala angagwiritsenso ntchito njira imeneyi kuti asinthe chiwongolerocho kumbali ina, kuti abwezeretse njira yoyendetsera galimotoyo yoyambirira. Gulu la mabungwe apadera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kapena kubwezeretsa njira yoyendetsera galimotoyo amatchedwa dongosolo loyendetsera galimoto (lomwe limadziwika kuti dongosolo loyendetsera galimoto). Chifukwa chake, ntchito ya dongosolo loyendetsera galimoto ndikuwonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndikuyendetsedwa malinga ndi chifuniro cha dalaivala. [1]
Kuwulutsa kosintha mfundo za zomangamanga
Makina owongolera magalimoto amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: makina owongolera makina ndi makina owongolera mphamvu.
Makina owongolera makina
Dongosolo lowongolera makina limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakuthupi za dalaivala ngati mphamvu yowongolera, momwe ziwalo zonse zotumizira mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito. Dongosolo lowongolera makina limapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: njira yowongolera chiwongolero, zida zowongolera ndi njira yotumizira chiwongolero.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka makina oyendetsera galimoto. Galimoto ikatembenuka, woyendetsa galimotoyo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyendetsera galimotoyo pa chiwongolero 1. Mphamvu imeneyi imalowetsedwa ku giya loyendetsera galimotoyo 5 kudzera mu shaft yoyendetsa galimotoyo 2, cholumikizira cha universal steering 3 ndi shaft yoyendetsa galimotoyo 4. Mphamvu yowonjezereka ndi giya loyendetsera galimotoyo ndipo kuyenda pambuyo pochepetsa mphamvu kumatumizidwa ku mkono woyendetsa galimotoyo 6, kenako kumatumizidwa ku mkono woyendetsa galimotoyo 8 wokhazikika pa shaft yoyendetsa galimotoyo kumanzere 9 kudzera mu ndodo yolunjika 7, kotero kuti shaft yoyendetsa galimotoyo kumanzere ndi shaft yoyendetsa galimotoyo kumanzere imatumizidwa. Chiwongolero chimatembenuzidwa. Kuti chiwongolero cha galimotoyo chitembenuzidwe kumanja 13 ndi chiwongolero cha galimotoyo chomwe chimathandizira ndi ngodya zofanana, trapezoid yoyendetsa galimotoyo imaperekedwanso. Trapezoid yoyendetsa galimotoyo imapangidwa ndi manja a trapezoidal 10 ndi 12 okhazikika pa ma knuckle a galimotoyo kumanzere ndi kumanja ndi ndodo yomangira galimotoyo 11 yomwe malekezero ake amalumikizidwa ndi manja a trapezoidal ndi ma hinges a mpira.
Chithunzi 1 Chithunzi cha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka makina owongolera makina
Chithunzi 1 Chithunzi cha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka makina owongolera makina
Mndandanda wa zigawo ndi zigawo kuyambira pa chiwongolero kupita ku shaft yotumizira chiwongolero ndi za makina owongolera chiwongolero. Mndandanda wa zigawo ndi zigawo (kupatula ma knuckle oyendetsera chiwongolero) kuchokera ku mkono woyendetsa chiwongolero kupita ku trapezoid yoyendetsera chiwongolero ndi za makina otumizira chiwongolero.
makina owongolera mphamvu
Dongosolo lowongolera mphamvu ndi dongosolo lowongolera lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dalaivala komanso mphamvu ya injini ngati mphamvu yowongolera. Nthawi zambiri, gawo laling'ono chabe la mphamvu yofunikira pakuwongolera galimoto ndi lomwe limaperekedwa ndi dalaivala, ndipo zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi injini kudzera mu chipangizo chowongolera mphamvu. Komabe, chipangizo chowongolera mphamvu chikalephera, dalaivala nthawi zambiri ayenera kukhala wokhoza kuyendetsa galimotoyo payekha. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo lowongolera mphamvu limapangidwa powonjezera zida zowongolera mphamvu kutengera dongosolo lowongolera makina.
Kwa galimoto yolemera yokhala ndi kulemera kopitilira 50t, chipangizo chowongolera champhamvu chikalephera, mphamvu yomwe dalaivala amagwiritsa ntchito pa chowongolera kudzera mu sitima yoyendetsera makina imakhala yocheperako kuti itembenukire chiwongolero kuti chiwongolero chifike. Chifukwa chake, chiwongolero champhamvu cha magalimoto otere chiyenera kukhala chodalirika kwambiri.
Chithunzi 2 Chithunzi chojambula cha kapangidwe ka makina oyendetsera mphamvu ya hydraulic
Chithunzi 2 Chithunzi chojambula cha kapangidwe ka makina oyendetsera mphamvu ya hydraulic
Chithunzi 2 ndi chithunzi chosonyeza kapangidwe ka makina oyendetsera mphamvu ya hydraulic ndi dongosolo la mapaipi a chipangizo choyendetsera mphamvu ya hydraulic. Zigawo zomwe zili mu chipangizo choyendetsera mphamvu ndi izi: thanki ya mafuta oyendetsera 9, pampu ya mafuta oyendetsera 10, valavu yowongolera chiwongolero 5 ndi silinda yamagetsi yowongolera 12. Woyendetsa akatembenuza chiwongolero 1 motsutsana ndi wotchi (chiwongolero chakumanzere), mkono wowongolera chiwongolero 7 umayendetsa ndodo yolunjika yowongolera 6 kuti ipite patsogolo. Mphamvu yokoka ya ndodo yolunjika imagwira ntchito pa mkono wowongolera 4, ndipo imatumizidwa ku mkono wa trapezoidal 3 ndi ndodo yowongolera 11 motsatizana, kotero kuti isunthire kumanja. Nthawi yomweyo, ndodo yolunjika yowongolera imayendetsanso valavu yosunthira mu valavu yowongolera chiwongolero 5, kotero kuti chipinda chakumanja cha silinda yamagetsi yoyendetsera 12 chilumikizidwa ku thanki yamafuta oyendetsera popanda kupanikizika kwamadzimadzi pamwamba. Mafuta amphamvu kwambiri a pampu yamafuta 10 amalowa m'mbali mwa kumanzere kwa silinda yamagetsi yoyendetsera, kotero mphamvu yamadzimadzi yopita kumanja pa pistoni ya silinda yamagetsi yoyendetsera imayikidwa pa ndodo yomangira 11 kudzera mu ndodo yokankhira, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti isunthire kumanja. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu yaying'ono yoyendetsera yomwe dalaivala amagwiritsa ntchito pa gudumu loyendetsa imatha kugonjetsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi chiwongolero yomwe imagwira ntchito pa gudumu loyendetsa pansi.
